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OfJI18G7 22123 s~nator will be Cree these days. with all the responsibilities Senators have. I therefore suggested to the Senator from Colorado that the bill be reported. with full rights reserved to him to pre- sent amendments at a later date 11 he wished to do so. The Senator was represented at all hcarlngs by members of his own staff. I appreciate the fact that they ha ve been hardworking and careful. I understood comnlctely the situation in which the Senator from Colorado found himself. I appreciate the fact that he let us go ahead. complete the hearings. and mark up the bill. wlthout his presence, stnce his presence W[l.~ required elsewhere. Mr. PROXMffiE. Mr. PresIdent. wUl the Senator yield? Mr. ANDERSON. I yield. Mr. PROXMIRE. I understand that title 3 of the bill provides for an annual authorization of $5 mUllon for 10 years. If these authorizations are fully funded, tlllB could be . $50 million program. Is that correct? Mr. ANDERSON. Yes; that 15 cor- rect. Mr. PROXMIRE. I noUce that in the committee report there are certain references made that relate the amount to be granted to each State for study from this $5 million to per cBpita in- come. It is provided that it shall vary . between one-third and two-thirds grants, depending on the State's need and its per capita income. Is that cor~ rect? Mr. ANDERSON. That is correct. Water flows in unusual ways. It does not always now through States that have the greatest resources to take care of the problem. I can imagine that the State of New York, for example, which has had an abundant budget surplus, certainly In recent years, could ta:te care . of many of ~these costs; whereas there are many States that are hard pressed to take care of their regular running ex.. penses 3nd must find new sources of revenue. It Is preeminently for those States that there 1.s a. need for this leg-. Islatlon. We had long conferences with State omelals and with Governors on this sub- Ject. It was requested that a formula be placed In t.he bill which makes it possible. to .take care of the needs of States which may not have a great sUPPlY of .money. Mr. PROXMffiE. Procedures for payment at funds are described.on page 8 of the committee report. I presume those procedures are spelled out on pages 21 22 and 23 of the bill. Mr.' ANDERSON. It starts at the bot- tom of page 20. Those procedures are all spelled out. Mr. PROXMIRE. On page 1 or the committee report Is contained a list of areas of the country, such as South Pacif"'!' Jc. Colorado River Basin. Great Basin. and so forth, that are in dire need.. They are five areas which by 1980 will have 8 very substantial water shortage" Following that list is a list of two or three other areas which wUl have a serl.. OUB shortage by the year .2000. The Question that occurs to me is that In some parts of the -count.ry there may No. 197-7 COI'<GRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE virtually all of this money. as the Scn- ator has saId there are? This Is a field where there has been B great need ~or making substantial aod expansive studlcs or this kind. On page 20 of the bm tbere is refer... ence to use of the funds. I do not see .any limitation as to the amount of funds one State can get. Mr. ANDERSON. There are thc:;e limitations. This money is available on this basis. Some States may get more funds than others, 1.f there is no other demand for the money temporarlly. We have to depend on the honesty and in- tegrity of the administrator to take care of that problem. For instance, the De_ partment of Agriculture had to consider acts of Congress for retirement of land. There were limitations on how those lands could pass out of cultivaUon. Some States did not use up the money at all. Other states needed a 2'reat deal more. We must depend on the administrator to .adminIster the program in a sensible way. If one State did not use any of the money and later wanted It, the ad- ministrator would put it back Into the program. I think that is the only safe rule to follow. I do not see how we could require Con- gress to look into aU the details. We would have to depend on the integrity of the administrator. The procedures are set out in the report. I think that is as far as we can go. All we can do Is state what the expectations of the water short- age arc for the year 2000 or the year 1980. If the Colorado River Basin finishes its planning and its work Is completed by 1980, then the money could be trans_ ferred to the Great Lakes States. for example, for the next 20 years. Mr. P-ROXMIRE. Does It mean that the admlnistrntor would make a eom~ mltment of $5 mUllon each year, or that he. would not make a commitment over many years, 80 that if certain States made applications in 1965 or 1966, for example, other States would not be fore- closed If they decided to come under the program in 1967. for example? Mr. ANDERSON. The Senator is cor~ recto Mr. PROXMIRE. Is thls.the tlrst tl"'-e the Federal Government has engaged in this kind of program, where It has made 'grants of this size for study of v;at:r resources? Mr. ANDERSON. The housing au- thority does .It. I also want to say thnt back in the days of the WP A there were grants given to States on the theory that States should have a shelf full of projects aVBllable which might be 'utilized if \.:e had a depression. I would not want to say this Is the first time it has been done. I only &'_y to the Senator that In the deliberations of-the committee we felt.this was a field that was pretty well ignored at thl3 time. The water problem is developing very rapidly, and the thing to be done was to pass this b1l1 now and..... make sure that there was future pliLDD.ln1t for takiog care of this problem. Mr. . PROXMlRE. ThIB IB the /lrst time for water resources. Is that correct? lD6S be initiative and urgent pressure to get these funds for studies, in view of the. fact that the bilI provIdes guidelines that are faIrly general, and, BS the Senator Irom New Mexico has said, flexible. I am concerned about the possibility. that In other areas. such as the State of Wisconsin-there is mention of the Great Lakes States-there may be a water shortage later. I wonder if people In those States may later be foreclosed be- CF.use other States had made efforts earlier to get the funds. . Mr. ANDERSON. There is prOVISIon In Ule bill or In the committee report for protection of States whIch may not be as eager or as alert as other States are. A few years ago if anyone had sug- gested that there would be a shortage. of water for the city of New York, he would. have been laughed off the course, because -there were ample reservoirs in and around the city to make sure It would have an adequate supply of water for a long time. Then came the vogue for swimming' pools and other uses for water, and now New York flnds .Itself short of water. It is not a critical shortage of water yet, as It 18 In other areas. but by the year 2000 it ma.y be. The provisions of this bill are related to areas that need planning, There wlll be a time when States whIch have not done so will requIre planning, and there will be money available for them. It Is the responsibtUty of a careful adminis- trator to see to It the funds are avall- able for programs that come along now and to be prepared to meet others that may come along later. If certain areas are not now distressed, they may be by. the year 2000. A great many water experts testified before the select committee established under the leadershIp of the late Senator. Kerr and the Senator from California [Mr. KUCHEL]. It was surprising the calculations they made about the water needs within a few years. People who never worried about the possib11lty that their States might be short of water real1zed that they might be criticallY short of water. That Is why, for ex- . ample the At.omlc Energy, Commissfon 15 working with the Department ot the Interfor on a large atomic plan ,....hlch will not only develop electricity at rea- sonable rates. but which will develop ways of making used water potable, and also to obtain an unlimited amo:'.nt of water from the sea for use. We are doing that because the flow in the. Colorado River Is far lower than we thought It would be. That may be the experience of other river basins. . Therefore, it is necessary to plan long In advance if water is to be made avaU- able. Every thought was given to the problem of the States. The Senator from North Dakota. [Mr. YOUNG] asked many questions concerning his State and others. I think thorough consideration was given to the J>OsslblIity that there may be a need at a subsequent time. Mr. PROXMIRE. What protections are there to assure that - only one, two. three. four. 'or flve states. w1l1 not get ,