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<br />10
<br />
<br />FEDERAL WATER RIGHTS LEGISLATION
<br />
<br />. ~~I! tt~'~~P~~~)l~~~'I~~~::~~~~tl~l[t~ :~ r~~~l ~nrll~\~)t~"~~'~I~~:~Jlt~~;~~? t~r. 0: 5i \I8~r l~t ~lnterl
<br />. , t" tl w'tter rwhts of m( IVH nn
<br />lInd bv no still flll.llH'-1' clause t.l'ea ~ng- ,lC. ' . r.:, d from those
<br />il'l'i~;ltol's .'lll1le!' Fe~l;.~'nl 't:.lall~:\t':::~~l~~'~~~l~~t i~ ~~:l~~~1ftnt. wit.h ~he
<br />of the 1]1I!le,1 :-itate, ' "'I"' ~i .lllt I(of tho Westcrll Stat"s," laYlllg
<br />law pl'eYilllJII~ 11l1llost, t lOll,... 1110 n, \' f' 1 .
<br />OO\\"II l~"'(':dl'.J';lll'li'(,s of appmtellaney and )cne lcm 1180.
<br />ulred umlr>r the prol"lsloJls of
<br />Prll';id('rl. That (ht.' ri~ht tu t.1L~ t"(}\ Ilf l\~~:r:ll~~ null bCllcn;:ial u.'~e shull he the
<br />this :u't. shall hI' :lPPlll"tl'lI:\Ilt tt! llc fln( . ~ .
<br />'l)'l!"i~ Ihe 1ll(-":Is11r(', ,lIul tI\l' Unlit. of thnt rJ~ht. ....
<br />. '1'1' , Fl'lh','all'owel' Ad of 1\120 WilS the thin) of tIllS Sf em:" of ~t:lJo~
<br />It . ~I' . f"j' in pI'O\'ISI011S \\"111l'h :lI'e 0 . pl{,S{~1l con
<br />ell:ldIlHllltS. J .tllL 0 I stll~W.'I' -'lied-ion wit.h t.he Frr8t Iowa and
<br />cern ha\'e aln'ady t~e.1l Oil., met III ~~i: on beill,r snre that individual
<br />j)c!ton Dol1/. l'aseS-l.e., ltSI CIl.ll)}/i','t' " t ... ...d~JI)~ of l'omprl'hrnsi\'e
<br />1 It licclI'>cd lUll ('l' 1t. . JJl 0 (t. ~ '. I'
<br />(en' of,>H1el~ ,'; ..: l' I . t 't. as-sert.ion of Federal fint lot'lty
<br />plilll:) tOI' r1n~r U<lhll1 ( l'\{~ ()Pllll.~l " I ~ '~'. 1 nn'lTH.'illll' of PO\\"(,I' de-
<br />0\"(>-1" \'ario\1s i1Sp~cts of. the r:fIllC\~~':~l;l~l~.~ of ihe Stn.tes insofnr [18
<br />\'clopnll~lItsl :lIh~ It.S S:l-~'I11g- 0 lC ':." "1:' ~111ll }tive llSe..q. 1'11('56
<br />the)' deal with. trI:~~I'iI~lOln and Il~~~e:I~:'b:'~::dcd~lil\it\on of "nal'igaule
<br />nCl.d llOt. bt'l reltCt ,1 en lC'-re.
<br />. . ..~ 5: fI 4f>1 (If'2~), thf' Cnurt clC~mln('d Ihl!l P?~sn~e
<br />.'111 11'1/(11111119 \". (~olrut"lo, _.,~ ~... -Ill'.j 'I II (' UU'l whull' pa~!>ni-:l' qnol('(111l I!H ((':'I:tI
<br />IInll "'Ihl' '''l'ht~ worlh' whkh WI' half' Il.l t 1.111 i .','1 In whlt'h the 1t'lJ:"blallnn or l_OOIl:l"NIII
<br />C(lll'<iitlll(' lht> ll]l\~' II1"t:lnl'(', ~U lll~ l;~ \\" ;~~':';~:r\(tl\'II11 fl':':in'l1 111111 cuulnll1('d 1I11}" d';lln('J
<br />r('\nIITlII: to 1I1I' 111'111'ol'flatlc'n, 0 T~ll ~~lltlll,itl"lI of th\~ "\I'''pllonnl m('I1I\(,n I[',A~ IT ~ I)~~a
<br />D1entloll of Inr''r-~IHt,. ~lrl',IHl~, 1("1"[ th... cn"C of KUlIllfl'- \', Col'lrrlrfn _,I .'. ~d
<br />In till' Ilcnden(':'o' In this C'>l~ft nt .11In\ t I~h 0 rt'\nlh:(" rl~ht!t (I[ the two Slntp!', tbe Ullltr
<br />~~;~1,7J' ;'~~~n ~1'\I~;?r1~I~I~I):I~I~1 ~'~~;~'I~ t:(~(lraL1(l t~VI~~':)llr:rl;~.~~~. ':~I:~l1~~~r~t~lllJ~nl\l\~":\\'~'d~
<br />~..~II'r.~ I/f lIu' .\r~:IIl...:,'I." Hin'r, nll ,}IlI,P~:-I~I.~;'...dll1'): Intt'fl'IHtl' !ltl'.-nlllll thOl,ll!hl to ~
<br />t:nllt.:rl-~!' wa!' !'..II,'ILt'll>' th:~t 1\1: 1~\'}~' ~~~ Ju.II~'ial II.-f..rmlnlltlon nnaITI'ct!'11 ~I} 11:1; ~1~~lflt
<br />In\lJl\.-cJ ill Ihlll Ilt!<.:;lrl'lll >' "Ill \'0 ill"t Uq It \Ill~ herC)ff', '1"11" worth.. nJlll~ f","C '1_
<br />In nl1l+'r \\t'rtll' 1I1:lt 11\1' 11lntlPf II" .' (,I >l'llI'lfloll of Illl' .c'1'1I(',.d., nf tIe "fn\
<br />purl"''''-'' \\"I(llOlllt .r,'lIhfl(l(! tilt' 1"1I/1l1tt.I' "1 I 'I!" t'.\! ~\'I'~I' n J::"".I ,It'al hfO:lckr lhnn IlP(,~~'
<br />k'11l1l. it 'm:I)' l,,- l'"llll..d "lit. \ 1) thn~,I1"- 'I\"r~,,~ "-IIO~ttll(~ nct of .1111~' 2, l!l:ili (,I) ~'a1. 4~..
<br />"aI''\" rnr t11:lt >,irll'::],'I"lfJ'''~'', IIno! (..~ 111111 ~ ", , ,.. In n I'(l1111'1"""~' .llffl'fl'ILt 111f<lorll'fI'
<br />-I~'11 ~ C "';;'~,h-t) r"I'I':\I,'1I (':lI:llptl.\ t11(1 !'1I1l11' l.lll~Il~._(, flit ,. t'''],)l'mlo III11:r hn\'f' h"1'1l the
<br />';ttil;c-: . rll 'MIt.'r l\prcl"'. tlloll):1l tl[(' 111'(ld""[\O .Il~;:~;"l t1~nt till.' C'undu!'lulI o[ tile case
<br />oct"I~llIll f(lr tIll' Indll!'lnll or tills provl..llIll, t II ~ I
<br />e:'l:h':;u!'t".) It~ [.~rt'('. <:\"..t"m umTpr whl('h thl' (jo\""rnml'nt '!f'nh t
<br />11 T1H:! orlldTlnl Rf'rlnmntlon Ad flPt 111P,~ tf.' blldnt.:ner!'l. Thin WRit '''l1flrl''lIINlt~ ~
<br />dlr('{"ll'\" wil h 111111\ hlll:l1 ~1l1rrn1l'n I flnl rrtf,nct~ flllll W:1S f!lIfll.]untC'd. nnde.f rhl':l nU~ g
<br />n 1'l~'!;I(.Ul or ~:Jt<~r 1~fI,N~41sfl4~lll~s~-..1'511)'~ nlltl ;"Ilny ~::i, 19~n (4-t,Stnf.:.;;-I!1, 4Th('l'~;'n:
<br />:Mnv IJ, If12~ '-t,2 !-tt., ,.1 . ' ., 'I-h I I', IIfln dl:otrlcts an.1 !11m' I1f "'JI ~fI. . th
<br />.f.<):1'(>) lJ)' l.rn\'!C:lfl1l!ol fur conlracflll 'W t rr 1:a t (or 11 ll'llf,'f rr~ht rUrHl thrnll~ll :
<br />cppt or hUII\"l,\iHll npi'l\<;atlnr'.to ~h; Y~r'\"'~:~I:r;:;;lr8, the act!ol llf .1une 17, :flOt2, I'lC';;..r_
<br />...hnll' or ('nrl.I' r,"',',ll~l'I:'!,tln'~ll'I(;'N~"f"lC'ht If) 'tll(' 11"(' o[ watrr f(lrOI,l~HI In ,P'(::t7"St:t 2R5
<br />. ("'''' ~Iat i1SfI, 4, ..... -. ., GO. . .,,). Au!::'. 0, 1 .., flce., . l'
<br />:k~li<:~\~~ h;.{t,ld r?; (1. t~a~VX;,;i~III~~:~!l Onfcr:'~IZ~7rl~~t j.';!.~~7;O) (~It'nc~;tn~~J{~~ ~~~t
<br />.. .. . ."1; All):. 1:1, Ifl14. 101'1'. :) (:18 ~tnt. , . (")pfnnlt In the pnyment or th.. "on-
<br />~('~'Ilcnnt 01'" ..ntr~'mnll "hllll . : : ~o 1 ~,l'~~r 1~\C:ht nrpllcntlnn . . . I'hflll"hf'to:llhjcet
<br />dr~~~l'~~:l;~n~~l'.~ ~n~I..I'~]I~\~~.f'~~, 1022,h~~~; ~ <:'~hS~~;, 1~~~]i: ~;~n~i'l,~IJll1r:I~~~I,,~~~::
<br />Ulf}' or IIII' IIl~piIOrRll~~\'~I~~tf\I~~~~r c~I~1tIC~prll('ntlon!l 01} th(' ~r;;oftUc?~ \~~dou~nYlR!l37)~
<br />~~'f;\"~,p~ : n.nl. I~a'\" I.,~ lI\!'pem:l'd Wltl!.,") r ~f'm~~~'~~ ~o df/ml~s tor 'Irick ~~r .1olnft~r'bot
<br />' I h Co t' {I1"(,II"'sin~ th,., In('fl II 0 II f dnnt llllld' "AltltOll):h l!
<br />:~... "J~~I~I~ ~fntl'~.r ~n l;tIlPC,dl~n~nl~;r..r;~I~~~I~~ ~~~t;;n~:f,\h~ ~~nlentl(Jn t~ff ~r;brBet~~~:~~
<br />
<br />l~~!YE;~Cif:f:~~::~:~g~ i!~W:f::b~;~1~~f~: :i{~:fo'E~~l:~~'tf.'~~':~l~:~;,~~~\l
<br />: Bnd hy Ihe term~ of ,th~ In1\\'" ~nOW~UB wtion,. dlRtlnd [rom the property 0 e ov. .
<br />'bl!rnme tb~ pr(l\lf"?rtr 0 I e II;~ ' . .' \ h la 'f the
<br />:. me:\;.~~ ~b~ut~r~n:;o~f ~b~knSpnorteDb~~~ rf~l! ::ed r~~~;D:V~~:~I~i;:~er.~ ~he Ww:.tfJf'7'
<br />. Rtnt(', B('('I HulcJllns. S'dc~ttlf ~ro tbe beneftclol me rule, lief! Ibid. Blf fr.. .-:,
<br />, Statn (11)42), ...81 t.. 3!W. n . .,.... ....,. . ':
<br />,"-, "
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<br />'.:\
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<br />',,1..
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<br />~ "J " j
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<br />I
<br />
<br />FEDERAL WATER RIGHTS LEGISLATION
<br />
<br />11
<br />
<br />wiLt,ers" which the COllgresS adopted in section 3 of this act is worth
<br />
<br />lIot-ing:
<br />"Ila\'ig:tblc W:lter!o:l" menns UIORC rmrt.'i of streums or otLier bodiC's of W".'lter Dyer
<br />whil'h COII/:rC':-;s has jUriRdiction under its nuUlOrity to rC'gulate comlUerce witb
<br />for('i~n nations find among the foic\"ernl Stale~, find which C'ither in tLieir nat.ural
<br />or illlpro\'C11 condition Ilotwifh~t.....ndin~ Interruption~ hetwf'en the nn\'j~.1ble
<br />parts of snch streams or waters by falls, shallows, or rapids compelling lnnd
<br />carria/.:"l', fire u~ed or SuitDble for nse tor the trnnsportnt.Jon of persolls or llrop-
<br />prts in interstatQ or forciKIl commerce, iuclillliIlg aIlsueh interrllptin/; fl1lJ.~, shal-
<br />low~. or rnpids, togetller with ~llch otLier parts of streams ns ~hall hs\'"e been
<br />nuthorizt'li for improveDLPnt by lhe United Stntes or shall hn\'e heen r~'om-
<br />mended to Congress tor suell improvement ufter iU\'estigaUon under its au-
<br />thnrity.Gl
<br />
<br />It Rhollld iL1Ro bo noted t.hat t.he :tllthority of the Foderal Power
<br />
<br />Commission is not limited to navig:tble st.reams. It e"i"nds t.o licens-
<br />
<br />in/! projects Ilt,ilizillg' Pllblic lands and res,,"vat.ions of t.he United
<br />
<br />Statp$ t;t, :!lU] projects on llol1navig~ble streams if, in the latter case,
<br />
<br />it linds t.hat "t.he interests of inrorst:tte iLnd foreign cammere", would
<br />
<br />be :tlIeder! by slIeh const./"llCt.ion.""
<br />
<br />Finally it. is worth lIot,ing that, the FC'dcl':ll Power Act was, in efl'cct,
<br />
<br />an outgrowt.h of t.he 1890 act to which referellce Itas already been
<br />
<br />made, of the system of congrcssionnl licensing' of power p'rojects
<br />
<br />which t.he words "not affirmatively fi.uthorized by law" whic.h were
<br />
<br />embodied in t hat act. mado nec<lSsary," and of two :tcts (1006 and
<br />
<br />1910) " in which t.he first steps were taken t.o reqllire not only con-
<br />
<br />~essjonnJ but also administ.rat.ive review of pOl\"er projects proposed
<br />
<br />tor con~t,l'nct.ion under lieense from the United States.
<br />
<br />The expanding Federal interest jn flood cont.rol is evidenced in the
<br />
<br />fourt.h of the lIlajor enactments of this pe,riod. Interest. in this sub-
<br />
<br />ject was sufficiently advanced by 1917 for the enactment. of legis-
<br />
<br />lation regularizing- the invest.ign,tiTlg and rcport.ing procedure. to be
<br />
<br />followed by t.he Corps of Engmeers." Bllt t,he great. declaratIOn of
<br />
<br />policy cnme wit.h the Flood Control Act of 1936: "
<br />
<br />It is reco~nlzcd Ihnt destructive floods upon the rivers of the United ~tntes, up.
<br />setting orderl.v JlrOCC'!'8es aml causjn~ loss or life :tnrr property, incruding the
<br />erO!'l.ion of lanns, und ilDflfliring and obstrncting nnvll;ntioD, hi~hwnys, railroads,
<br />anil ()thcr ch:mnels at commerce between the States, COl:l~titnle a menaCe to
<br />h8liounl welfare; tbnt it is the sense or CODsress thnt flooo control on. navi-
<br />gllble w:llerfo: or their tribulllries is (l proper ll<:th'lty ot lhe Federal Go.crnment
<br />In cooperation with States, their politkal subdivisions find locnlities thereof;
<br />that lnvf.>stigntlons and Jmprovements ot rivers and other waterways, Including
<br />watet"Shed~ thereof. for floo<1 control purposes Rre In tile In.terest ot the general
<br />welfare; that the Fe<Iernl Government should improve or p:ll.ticipate in the
<br />Improvement of navis-able waters or their trfbutllrfes, 1ncluding watersheds
<br />thC'I'cof. fOr flOOd-control pnrpo,<;eg it the benefits t.o whomsoe\"er they mny
<br />accrUe nre In eX~ess of the estimated costs. and it the Uves and social security
<br />of people are otherwise adversely nf'tected.
<br />
<br />.... 41 !i;tot. 10f\:l. 16 U.~.C, 71HI.
<br />11541 ~fnt. ]011;'), ...pc, He). 1ii U,~,C, 191(e).
<br />at 4I ~H.'1t. 107ri, p'C. 2:l, 11\ U.S,C, 817.
<br />., A hn~IY ('llI~r.k of th~ IItntllte hooks from the ~:)d through the 6h.t Con~, Rho'\O:lI ft.
<br />ph"thorn or ('onc:r~Rlonnl lIecnlO~s for dnm3. The 11".1111: lIe1!m1'l to have been reached In tbe
<br />1119th Conl,'". 'llPhlm thl"l'l:' were at ll'ost 33 Rueh ennetmentl!l. InstaneeB before the 1890 act
<br />becnme lnw were compnratlvel,. tare but not nODexlRtent.
<br />... Acfa or .111np 21. 1006, 3.f. Stnt, :l86. nnd June- 23. uno, 36 Stat. 11193.
<br />"Act o[ Mnr, 1. 1917, Bee. 3, 3D Btat. 9:0;0. 33 n.s.c, 701.
<br />., Act of .1une 22,1986, sec. 1,49 Stat. 1670, 33 U..B.C. fOla.
<br />G225~o-a
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