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<br />Artificial total demand node <br /> <br />This node is connected to the real nodes by artificial demand <br />links and excess demand links. The demand link: lower <br />bounds are zero and upper bounds are set equal to the <br />demand of that corresponding demand node. The excess <br />demand links are introduced to carry excess water, such as <br />extra water diverted for artificial recharge or maximum canal <br />capacity, whichever is larger. <br /> <br />Unregulated inflows <br /> <br />Any node can be considered as an inflow node receiving <br />unregulated local inflows or streamflow. These are input <br />individually for each period over the entire simulation <br />horizon. <br /> <br />Import nodes <br /> <br />MODSIM allows consideration of up to 10 import nodes <br />representing nodes receiving water from transbasin diversions. <br />In contrast with unregulated inflows, imported water is <br />entered as an annual, quarterly, or weekly total amount of <br />flow. Fractional coefficients are entered for each time period <br />to reflect temporal distribution of imported water. <br /> <br />Artificial Inflow Arcs <br /> <br />Inflow arcs link each real node (storage and non- storage) <br />with an artificial initial storage and inflow node. The lower <br />bound is set equal to the upper bound which is in turn set <br />equal to the inflow rate to each particular real node. In this <br />manner, the model is constrained to accept the particular <br />nodal inflows that are input. The unit costs (cij in Equation <br />1) are set equal to zero. . <br /> <br />20 <br />