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<br />000543 <br /> <br />Artificial storage arcs <br /> <br />In order to provide capacitance in the network, an artificial <br />node is established with linkage to all real storage nodes. <br />The flows in these linkages or arcs are interpreted as end-of- <br />period storage volumes. There are two artificial arcs <br />connecting each real storage node to the artificial storage <br />node. One arc is the desired storage arc, and the other is the <br />final storage arc. <br /> <br />- <br />The lower bound on desired storage arcs is set at the <br />reservoir minimum capacity (or bottom of the power pool) <br />plus an estimate of the expected evaporation which would <br />occur if the reservoir went from its current state to the <br />minimum pool. However, if the lower bound on the artificial <br />inflow arc to the reservoir in question is less than the lower <br />bound on the desired storage arc, the lower bound on the <br />desired storage arc is replaced by the lower bound on the <br />corresponding inflow arc. This condition is necessary to <br />insure network feasibility and, subsequently, that mass <br />balance is maintained. <br /> <br />The upper bound placed on desired storage arcs is the target <br />storage level plus an estimate of the evaporation which would <br />occur if the reservoir went from the current state to the <br />target storage level. <br /> <br />The (negative) cost associated with transferring one unit of <br />flow along the desired storage arc is calculated using the <br />following equation. <br /> <br />(Cik)t = -[1000 - (OPRPit . 10)] (4) <br /> <br />where: <br /> <br />15 <br />