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<br />000020 <br /> <br />Collection of Data for the Model <br /> <br />Data for the model were gathered by interviewing the foremen who <br />direct snow removal operations in each county. The foremen were asked <br />to describe: <br /> <br />1. What resources are available--including personnel and their <br />rates of pay, equipment; .and <br /> <br />2. How resources are typically used when it snows--including the <br />mininnmI amount of snow requiring removal, the time and <br />equipment required to remove various amounts, the time <br />required for Itx:lp-up (pushing back banks, clearing drifts and <br />sandin;J slick spots on days followin;J storms) and policies <br />for overtime. <br /> <br />Foremen reported that the time required to remove given amounts of <br />snow depends on characteristics of storms such as wind, density of snow, <br />time of day and duration. These characteristics are discussed below. <br />We developed methods to account for time of day and duration. wind and <br />density of snow were accounted for by asking foremen to "abstract away" <br />the extreme and consider typical conditions. Foremen were asked to <br />identify and discuss special problems (like those caused by extreme <br />wind) before we asked them to estimate the time required to remove given <br />amounts of snow under typical conditions. <br /> <br />Foremen reported that amounts of snow from a given stonn could <br />vary considerably within their districts. This was especially true in <br />rountainous districts where snow depth varies with elevation and the <br />angle of the wind to nearby rountain barriers. Most foremen could, <br />however, identify a pattern of variation: ''When we get three inches <br />here at the shop, six or eight usually fall on the ridge." Although the <br />reported pattern did not apply to all storms, we asked them to consider <br />it when indicatin;J how enployees and equipment are deployed. <br /> <br />-7- <br />