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<br />on0272 <br /> <br />species and which may require special <br />management or protection. 50 C.F.R. <br />& 424.02(d). <br /> <br />(2) In designating critical habitat, the <br />Service must consider the economic and <br />other impacts of designation. 16 D.S.C. <br /> <br />& 1533(b)(2); 50 C.F.R. & 424.12(a). <br /> <br />(3) Areas may be excluded from designation <br />if the costs of designation would <br />outweigh the benefits, provided that <br />exclusion would not result in <br />extinction. 16 D.S.C. & 1533 (b) (2) . <br /> <br />c. Designation generally must be done at the <br />time of listing. 16 D.S.C. & 1533(a) (3). <br /> <br />C. Section 7 - Interagency Consultation and Cooperation. <br /> <br />1. Section 7(a) imposes dual obligations on federal <br />agencies. Section 7 (a) (1) requires the DOI to <br />review and utilize its programs to further the <br />purposes of the ESA. Additionally, all other <br />federal agencies must, in consultation with and <br />with Interior's assistance, "utilize their <br />authorities in furtherance of the purposes of the <br />ESA, by carrying out programs for the conservation <br />of threatened and endangered species." 16 D.S.C. <br />1536 (a) (1) . <br /> <br />a. In the preamble to the Service's Consultation <br />Regulations (51 Fed. Reg. 19,926 (June 3, <br />1986)), the Service interpreted Section <br />7(a) (1) as authorizing (but not requiring) <br />federal agencies to factor endangered species <br />conservation into their planning process, <br />regardless of other statutory directives. <br /> <br />b. The Service assists agencies in meeting their <br />Section 7 (a) (I) responsibilities by <br />identifying opportunities to assist in <br />conservation through species recovery plans <br />and by providing "conservation <br />recommendations" with formal and informal <br />Section 7 consultations related to specific <br />projects. 51 Fed. Reg. 19,926 (June 3, <br />1986). The ESA does not, however, authorize <br />the Service to enforce Section 7 (a) (1) . <br /> <br />5 <br />