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<br />Uil19
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<br />J~
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<br />CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE
<br />
<br />9121
<br />
<br />1963
<br />
<br />for "P'l'nnllll~nt ~c:e." I 5. He and bb
<br />permlttel'S. llce~. and eont....eteoea are
<br />subject to the CoIOl"ndo Rh".,r Compact.
<br />18(1.). lI.nd therefore can do nothing to
<br />upset or etlcroacl:l upon the COmpad'. aUo-
<br />cation 01 Colorado RIver 'lP'ater bet'fI"Htl the
<br />Upper and Lower Ilulnll. 10 tbe conatn1c_
<br />tlon, operauon, IU1d man.Kement oC the
<br />works, Uu Secretary ~ ~ubJeet to the pt"O.
<br />\'t.lona at the fO'<'laJnatlon I..",. uc:-ept as
<br />the Act other1lUe provldee. I 14. One or
<br />the moct signlll.C$.Ilct IlmlbUolUlln the Act
<br />b t.h4t the 8ecretuJ' 18 required to aaUllfy
<br />present perfected right.. a nlAlter of m-
<br />tense lmpm-taoCl!' t<l th.o5e who bad reduced
<br />tbeu ..ter rlgbtll w actual bendl.c!.aJ \lAe
<br />atLheUnl"t.heMt~el!lfec:U\'e. 16.
<br />And. of coune. aU (It the powers granted by
<br />the Act &n! eurclaed 13)' tbe 5<><:retar1 and
<br />hb weU_ta.bl1~hed .,1ccllUve depul.ment,
<br />fllllpomlble to Congress and the Prea1dent
<br />and IUbJe<:t to Judicial review,"
<br />NotwlUlstandJng the Gonrnmeot" C<ln.
<br />It.rucUon, ownership. o....r.tlon. .od nlalnte_
<br />Dance of Ole VlI,&t Colora.do River WorD that
<br />eoIlAl'ne &lid .tel.... the river'. w.te,. and
<br />the board pow..r given by ConKre... 1.0 the
<br />SecretlLl")' of the Inwrlor tel m.aJte contracta
<br />for the dl.&lrlbutloo 01 tbe waler. It l.lI UlfUed
<br />that Cooer"" 10 1114 .nd 18 ot tbe Ad
<br />tool!: aw.y practically aU th.. SecretAry'a
<br />po"'..r by permitting tbf! Statal to df!termlne
<br />with whom and on what tenns th.. s..e,.,_
<br />tary would ma.ke 1II'l!.te-r contracbl. 5e(:Uon
<br />18auta:
<br />"Nothing hneln ahall be eon.truN! a.a In_
<br />terferlog III'lth .ucb rlghu .. the BUU. now
<br />ban either to the lII'at,,", ...Ithln their
<br />bordel'll or tel adopt aueh pollelea and enllCt
<br />aueb lalli'll aa they may dn:m neoe_llrJ III'lth
<br />req>ect to the appropriation. conlrol, alld
<br />Wl.. Of watera ,,'lthIO th<'lr bord..ra. ~
<br />Section 14 provld.,. tbat tbe reoelanu.t1oo
<br />law. to ...h1ch U1.e Act I.. rn.u1e a lupp!em..nt.
<br />Mall (overn the lnl,,'"gement ot the worb
<br />eKept aa otberwlse provldt'd. and I 8 of tbe
<br />Reclaffi.ll.t1on Ai:t. mucb IlIte 118 ot the
<br />Project Act. provldca thaI It I. not to be eon_
<br />ltr"uC'd && ~e<:tlng or Interrerln& ,,'Ith atate
<br />l.n.wa "rel.n.llng to the control. apprOpriation.
<br />use. or dlatl1huthm or ....<<'r uaed In Irrlg:a_
<br />tlon. . ...... In our view. nDUllng In aoy
<br />ot these proTlalons atrect. our dedalDD.
<br />at8.ted earllet'. Ulllt It La LheAetaod the Se<:-
<br />rotary'S oontr&C,",. 0'" the !.-wa ot prtor ap-
<br />proprtatlon, that eonU"a1 !.h.. apportionment
<br />DC WILler lI.Dloog t.be SI.IUS. Monover.ooo_
<br />trary I,a tbe Maater" conclusion. we hold that
<br />thes.cretary11'1. chooalll.bet..l't'o......,...II.h.
<br />10 eaeh State .nd 10 ...tWng the terms of
<br />his oontrllC~ l& not bauoo by UleR ~tlllna
<br />to tollow atate law.
<br />The argument that i 8 of Ule R<<lamatloo
<br />ADt r""lul,," the UnlU'd 8t.&.tcSln th..dellyery
<br />ot ..aloeJ" to fOil.,. pJ"lorltLN lwd do..n b,
<br />at..te Ialll' ha.s ILIAadY lIMn dl&~ of hy tblll
<br />CoUrt In Ironh_ I". Out. T. .'llcCrllcke1t, 351
<br />
<br />"Sf-e e,g" kke~ v. f"0%. 300 US. 82 (19371:
<br />d. n....' v. Ilumboldt Placer MIning Co., 871
<br />US. 33~ 0963): 80<:<<h Y. UItoJI. No. 333
<br />(M...y:n.19il31.
<br />.. "Nothlng 11'1. . . . I thla Act! &hall be
<br />eo...ul1ed IU a.'feetlng 1M" Inttndt'd to &!feet
<br />or to 11'1. .I.I'I.y way Intertere W'\tb the I.....
<br />or Ln)' Sl.llte OJ" Territory relating to the COD_
<br />tr'Ol. appropriation. ~ o. dlatrlbutlon ot
<br />water used In Irrlga.t1on. OJ" any Yez1ed right
<br />acqulr"", thereunder, and the Secretary ot
<br />the lnte-rlor. In cILJ"T11ng out tbf! proYl.lllOn.tl
<br />ot such eeetlona. shall procl't'd In confonn_
<br />Ity 1Vlt.b such 11I~. aod ootblng . . . I bM"e-
<br />tnl ahall In any way atreoet any right ot aoy
<br />State or or the Federal OOVPrnment or of
<br />an)' Ill.Ddo1rrner. approprtlltor. cor uaer ot wat-
<br />er In. I,a, OJ" f1'om any Interotate llream or
<br />tbe waten Ulereot." C3 U.s.C_1383 (1958).
<br />No. 83_1
<br />
<br />u.s. 275 (1968), and nmmnniKI In CUJI 01
<br />l'rntlQ v. Co/I/ONItG. 372 U.s. 821 (1963). In
<br />lIIo"ll.oe we held that. ..veu thougb '8 DC
<br />the Reclamation Act ptHetVed atate law, tbat
<br />general ptoTlakm could Dot ovt'l'Tlde" ~Ulo
<br />pruvialon or the aame Act pl'(Ihlbltlng " atn-
<br />gle landowner trom getting water for more
<br />than IGQacr... Weaa.ld:
<br />HAs- we read 18. It merely requlra the
<br />Uolte<'l Sta~ to comply with ahte J:tw whetl.
<br />In the eol8tructlon -.nd operatlon of a
<br />reeI&matlon proJeo<:t, It becomM ~ tot
<br />It to acquire water right. or nsled Interest&:
<br />th"rc1n. But the acqut.IUoo at _tel' rights
<br />mu..t not be oontUUd with Ute operation at
<br />tednal proJ~t&:. .... th.. Court laid In
<br />Netmuka v. Wyomi"g. "'pa. :It tI:U: 'We do
<br />not suggest that where CongreN haa provIded
<br />aR:ptf'mor~latlonrortederalprojeetll.
<br />ltmu&t gt.." lII'aybeto....anlnoon.tllatentatat<o
<br />sY.l.em.' . . . We read nothIng 10 I 8 that
<br />eompela the On1t~ StaUS I,a d..llver _tcor
<br />on eondltlon.a lmpoHd by t.be Slate.'. Jd., at
<br />291~292.
<br />8tnce f 8 of the ReclarnatlOt1 Act did not
<br />eUbJeet the Bcocr..t.ary to ltate law In dl.ll-
<br />poatftg or lII'ater In t.bat oau. we cannot,
<br />conmtenUy ...ltb 1I14>1h_, bold that tho
<br />Secretary muat be bound by atate law In
<br />dltlpoalng at Wlter under the Project Act.
<br />Nor dOM 118 ot the Project Aet require
<br />the Secretary to contract aecurdlDg to ...tate
<br />la.... That Act lII'aII paaaed In the e>;ercl..,
<br />01 eongreealonal po..e. to wntrol n.vlgable
<br />WILler tor purpollH or flOOd control, oavlga_
<br />tlon. pow..r gen.,rallon. and oUler obJC'CtII."
<br />and Is equally IIWltalned by the po",..r 01
<br />COnlP'...... to promote the general wellare
<br />1.brough proJ<<t& tor rechunaUon, irrigation,
<br />or oth.., Internal Improyementa.- ~tlon
<br />18 merely prftll!rvetl au<:11 rlgbta aa tbe States
<br />"oo"'~ ba..... th.t Ia. lNeh rlllb.. .. they
<br />lad at th.. Urn" t.b" kt ..aa P&&6ed. While
<br />tbe Sta!oell ....re gene-mil, IreI' to exerciae
<br />some JurlKllctlon OY"" thNe waters belore
<br />the Act w... puaed. I.b.la rlgDt waa suhJ....,t
<br />to tbe l"l:M:I..ral OO....rnmen~.a right to regulate
<br />and d..velop Ute river." Wh..re the Gavero_
<br />ment, IU hue. b... exerclt;M tbl. power ILnd
<br />undertail:en a eompreheDlllve project tor the
<br />1mprov..ment ot a gN'at ,IV... aod for the
<br />ord<<ly and beneDclal dlatrlbutlon of water.
<br />tIlere la no rown lor Inconalatent ato.loe Il\wa.-
<br />.... In Il1Olfhoe. wh....e the pn..r&l provlalon
<br />ptHl'tYlog .tate law WIO& bf!ld DOt to overrtde
<br />a apeclflc proYlalon autlng the tertia tor
<br />dlapo61t1on 01 the water. here '1'..11 hold that
<br />Ute gen..r&! aflYlng Ianguege ot f 18 cannot
<br />bInd the Secretary by 8talAl law IUU1 thereby
<br />nullity th.. con~t power upre..aly DOn_
<br />lern-d upon him by 11>." 5ecUan 18 plalnty
<br />alloWll the Statea to do things not Inoon_
<br />alAttnL with the Project Act or With fed..raI
<br />cont.rol or the rlv..r. tor e:uunple. r"gulaUnn
<br />of !.he U&e of tr"tbuwy lII'ateJ" and protection
<br />
<br />"'ArtJonaT.Coll/O!'nla.283 US.4:!'3 (11131).
<br />.. Unlud Statu v. a..r/.ach Lrlle Stock Co.,
<br />33I1U.s,725,738 (1111>01.
<br />"Flut tOlCa "ydro-RUe. Coop v. Fe'dt'f"ol
<br />1'ower Comrn'n, 32a U.s. 152. 171 (l94S). 5f'e
<br />United Stote'$ v. Chandl..r-Dunbar War..r
<br />l'ower Co.. 22'9 U,S, S3, ll:J~72 (19131: Unitt<!
<br />States v. Wille.., R!~ POVl.... Co.. 324 u.s.
<br />499(111451.
<br />.. See ArW.1na v. Calt/ornlitJ. 283 U.s. 423
<br />(1931): Nebraska v. W,o..ung. 325 U.s. 6611.
<br />615 (19451; f"frlt toea llydro-eUe. CfXJ1'. T.
<br />Federal Power Com...'". 328 U.s 152119-H1).
<br />.. .Vt"broaka T. WJOml"il, 3~ u.s. o5f!!)
<br />(19451. holds nothing to tbe (lOotnry. The're
<br />the Court tound It unn~y to d.,..lde
<br />III'hat r1gh,", lbe Unlled States hRd und....
<br />rederal I.... I,a the unappropriated ..ater ot
<br />the North Platte Rivet'. 81nee the ..ater
<br />rlght$ on which the projects In that C&IMl
<br />realed bad In tact be<en obta.lned III OOIQ-
<br />pUanCfl"ltblotalAll..lII'.
<br />
<br />of present pt'J"tected rlgbta." \\'bat oth..r
<br />thin"" the Btata are Iree to do can be de_
<br />etd<<! ...hen tbe ~on Ilrtae&. But whfore
<br />tb.. Secretarya CODtractll. No here, carry out
<br />a oongrl!8&lonaI plan 1M the eomplete dlatr"l_
<br />butlon Of wate1"a to UH'ra, _tate lalll' baa no
<br />plaee."
<br />Belore tho pro}ect Al:t ... poaaed. the
<br />waten 01 the Colorado Rlver. t.boullh nUID_
<br />beT<!<I by the m.J.1U<'m.a ot &ere-reet. flawed
<br />too haltingly or too treely. reauiUng In.
<br />drouaht.s and Cooda, The problema cauaed
<br />by th..... condltloD.ll proved too Immenae and
<br />u.. aolutIona too coatly tor anyone State
<br />or aU the St.!oeII toget.ber. In addltlon. tbe
<br />Statn. dlll'lplte repeated .,troda at a. settle-
<br />ment, w..re unAbJe to agree 01'1. bow much
<br />water l'llC-h Stateahouid get. With Ole h....lth.
<br />.nd growth 01 th., tower Ba&l1'I. at at.llJte, Con-
<br />gresareap:,.,dcd I,a the pleaa at the Statea I,a
<br />come to th.,lr ald. Th.. ..-tIlt w... the Project
<br />Act and th.. barneaalog ot the bountlt\ll
<br />.aten at th.. Calorado to awtaln gro...log
<br />cities, t.Q aupport eaplllUllns IndU&trl~. and
<br />I,a tr&nlItarlll dry and barren dMl'ra lol,a
<br />landa that are Ilvab.l.. and productl..e.
<br />In unden.alllng thla ....blUOua and upen.
<br />alv.. proJect for the weUulII'ot the pc:ople
<br />or the Lower Ba.aln Statea and ot the Nation.
<br />tho United Statea ....umed the reapClll.!!lblUly
<br />fOl" the eon&t.rucUon. operatloo, -.nd npn_
<br />T1II1on 01 Boulder Dam and. greal complea
<br />ot other dam.a an<l worb. Behind th.. dlLm
<br />.....ere .tor~ vl1'tuaUy aU the ...ater. ot the
<br />maJ.n river. Un1& Lmpoundlng not only th..
<br />natural 110'111' but aI*3 th.. (fUllt quaotlUea
<br />or .....Ier prevlllualy allowed to ruo ......te or
<br />to WTellk destruction. Tbe Impoundll1l 01
<br />theaewlLtf',.. alonll with thel1' regulated and
<br />systematlc u.Jeaae to I.hoa.. with eontrflCta,
<br />baa promoted. I.bIl apectacular dnelopment
<br />of the Lalll'cr Baa.ln. Toda,. the Unlwd
<br />tltat"" oper.us . Whole networl!: ot UIleful
<br />proJecta up aod <lOWI'l. the river. Incl\ldlog
<br />the Hoovllr Dam. 0......111 Dam. Pnrkn Dam.
<br />Headgale Roe.k. Dam. Palo Verde Dam. Im_
<br />perial Doun. La<<una Dam. Murdoe Dam. and
<br />tbe All-Am..rlcan C-.nal Syawm. _Dd many
<br />Ie.....r work&. It waa only natural that the
<br />United 8tatu. ..hlch w... to maIle the bene_
<br />fila a..Uable .nd wblch had aooctpted the
<br />reapol1&lbillty tor the proJect'. operallon,
<br />would want tel make certain that t.be waten
<br />....ere etrecthely UHd. All tbla vaat. lnte-r_
<br />locl!:lng m.aehlnery_ daun major worb
<br />dalhulng Wllter llCoordlng to oongre.salonaUy
<br />tl.&ed prlorlues tor home, -.grlcuIturul. and
<br />lnduatrlal u.... to people sptua ovt'r Ulau.
<br />I&l1.dIl ot &quare mI1ee--could tu.ncUO'n dll_
<br />c1ent.lyon1y undu unitary manacement. .ble
<br />to tormulat.. and aU)K'ry!se II coordlnatcd
<br />plan that could t.all:e a.coouot of th" dI..erse.
<br />otten oonlllctlDg lotore.t.a 01 the peOple and
<br />c:ommuolU.,. ot the Lower Buln Statea.
<br />RecognIzIng thla, Congress put the &aetary
<br />01 the lntorlor In c.barllOl ot the6e worll.a and
<br />eotruated him with IUlllcleat po,,'er, prln.
<br />clpall, Ut.. i 5 CODtract power. to dlrect.
<br />manace. a.ud coor<Ilnau the-lr operation.
<br />Subjecting theSecrel.&ry 10 the ..arylng. p<>>-
<br />Illb!y Inconal&tont. 00JIlD\ILIld.& of th.. dl.ll"er_
<br />ental.ltele-rlal.tur_eoUldrruatn.teemclent
<br />operation 01 I.bIl project and thwut lull
<br />~uaD of I.bIl bene.llbl Co~ Intend"'"
<br />
<br />-See First 101C0 HlIdro-K~c. Coop v. Frd-
<br />crill PenDer Comm.", 328 US. 152. 175--171]
<br />(19461, III'here th1a Court limited theetrectof
<br />In of the Federal Power ACt., 1II'h1<:b ":l:_
<br />prealy "u,Tf!d" oerta1n "u.te la... to vested
<br />property rlghta.
<br />.. by an Act of ~ptomber 2. 1958. 7:1 Stat.
<br />173t1. the 5e<:r-etary must aupply wator to
<br />Boulder City. Nevada. It tono.... lrum our
<br />concl~ona && to the Inappllcablllt1 at at.o.te
<br />law thllt. oontrlltJ' to the YMter'_ eonclu.
<br />ston. baWd..,. City'. prIor1Uea are not to be
<br />determIned by NeYa.lh law.
<br />
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