|
<br />9.120
<br />
<br />001[JJ3
<br />
<br />to a<<ompl\l.h th18 pUTpoee. ",hllt~..('J' CQIl-
<br />t1nVnclea mlgM oeeur. ". one ll!ternaUn
<br />or the oon~.l1)n.1 JCh.-m.,. I<<tlon "(a) of
<br />the Act IIlYIIed Arlmona. C.1I1","nla. and
<br />N~'adl\ to Adopt.. compact di"d..Lng u..
<br />waUl", &long the Identical Unn that bad.
<br />fonned the buu tOl" ~he co....._ollal dill-
<br />ctWak>na or the Act: 4.400.000 acre-feet w
<br />CllJUornJa. :100.000 to NeVada, and 2.800,000
<br />to) Arlsona. SectlOD S(hl S."" the StatfS
<br />f'Q.....r to acre.e upon wme other dJvt.lon,
<br />'ll'blcb would bne to be approv<<i br Con-
<br />gr_. 0cmcTe_ made ....re. bowever, that
<br />U the St.I!.u. did not agree oD an,. oom~
<br />the objecu of the Act would be carrtec1
<br />out. for the aecret.ary would lb..n proeeed.
<br />by ma.ll:1U8 contr6Cb, to appordoll _~
<br />among theSLatelllU1d to alloeate the _I.e.
<br />amoll( UIJt'fS W1.thln ..eh BUte.
<br />In the drat M<:tlon ol the Act. the Secre-
<br />tary .... aut.boJo1zed to "c:onatnlct. opera...
<br />and maintain .. dAm IUld Inelden1.ll1
<br />.orb . . . adequate to Cl't'aW . atorap
<br />~olr 01.. Qpacnr of not leA than tWeD_
<br />t, mUlInn acre-feet ot wat... . . 0" f~ the
<br />atated PUl'pOAe 01 "controlling the nooda,
<br />lmprovlnlf navtpUon Ilnd regulating the
<br />rl.ow of the C/;!Iorlldo River, provIdIng 1/%
<br />atoBft'l and for the d..U'.....,. of !.he nored.
<br />waten th..real' J= ~eeltl.maU..n of public
<br />lands and othe~ beneficllll ..- " . ".M IUld
<br />pont'raUng el""'lrlC:II.I ~., The wbole
<br />point of the Ac' ...... to replace tbe ..rraUc.
<br />undependable. often ctelll.l'uctlve natura!
<br />flow of the Colon.cto ...Ith u... ret:ular. de-
<br />~Ddable .,,1...... oJ wate... co......rved IUld
<br />.tored by Ule project. H....lng und..rtak_
<br />Ulls beneflcllll p....jeet. C<>nITeM. In r;evera1
<br />pl'Ovlalona of th... Ad. made It ct...... that DO
<br />One ahould \1M 1nll!nIItr.am .ate... aave In
<br />It.rU:t compUa.no:e wilb the echeme....t up by
<br />th.. Att. 5e<:Uon It autho.rtr;ed the 8ecTda'l"
<br />"undu flleh sen......l T~I"'Uona .. he may
<br />pre.:nbe. to contra<:t fOT the ltorage of ......
<br />tel" In wet T_rvolr and fo~ th.. delivery
<br />th..reof at IIUcb polnte on th.. .1...... " " "
<br />aa may be a~ upon. fOT IrTlpUon and
<br />domeeUc \11185.- To ..mphulu that .Olter
<br />could be obt&1ned from th.. S<'<;n.-tary alone.
<br />IS furth..r declared. "No prrllOn .hall have
<br />or be entltled to h",'., the u.. for any pur.
<br />p<lIIIeofth.._t..ratoredlUlafor!'lll\ld..xcept
<br />by ""nkart m.ad.. &8 h..r"ln Iltated.M The
<br />.upnom1loeyglv..n th..~tary'l""ntrnct..
<br />W:uI mllde ele... In 18rbl ot the Act. whIch
<br />provld<"ct: Ulllt. while the LOWer BalIn States
<br />were free to n..~tlat... II ""mptlCt dl"ldlng
<br />the ""'~ In.eb II <"OmJmet If mad.. and
<br />approvf"(\ after JanUllry I. 11129.... to ~
<br />"&ubJ..,,-t to an ""nt....eta. If any. mad.. by
<br />th.. Secl"l'ta'l" of th.. Int..rtor und..r .....,tlon
<br />5M befo", Con~ approved the crnnpllet.
<br />Theile _eral provl.lon~ ..,...n Without Irg-
<br />blatlve bbtory.ue p",..,...lvl!' that C<:>ngree.
<br />Inl.l!'nded the ~tllTJ' 01 the Intf'rlor.
<br />throuV;h hb f II contrllCta. both to C'ft1'TJ' out
<br />the alloeatton or th.. onate... of the maIn
<br />ColOl'lldo Rlvn amonr thl!' LOW..r BMln
<br />Sbll.ea and to decide ",hleh woera within
<br />each State would get .at... Tha It'!neral
<br />authorIty ".0 make contr"ets nor-III,Jly In-
<br />c1udu the po....... to chOO6e ...Ith whom and
<br />up<)n ....bat terma the contmc~ will be m-.dll.
<br />When Congrea In a.n Act gn.nt. ..uthmlty
<br />to contnct, that auth,,"ty l.I PO leu than
<br />the sen..ral authority. unl... Congreu halo
<br />pl~ 110m.. limit on It." I.rl thl.l respect
<br />It b or tntol'.-..st thnt In an eulll."f vcrllon
<br />the bill did limit the Se<:retary'.. oonl./'ad
<br />power by mllkJna: the contncl.ll ....ubJect to
<br />
<br />"In tht' d("b..I.... Il!'Sdlng to t..... P:ulA.CC ot
<br />the bill, St'n.wr Walab om..."'d that ~to
<br />oontr..::t me4Da .. lIbt-rty Of conu'ad- IInd
<br />aakedltthbdld notm.....n thllttheSeer..tary
<br />could "give th.. wun to thrm !.lIflPlVprl:t-
<br />ton) or "'Ithbold It from th..m .. hI!' IIIl'8
<br />nt.~ to ",bleh St'n"tor Johnson anawlTed
<br />"certalnly.~ 'ro Qo:o<cusa:rClUt. R.&coIu:> 188
<br />(1928).
<br />
<br />CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE
<br />
<br />nghta of pnm' approp.lators. H - But that
<br />rMtrlctton, which prserved Ule law of Pf'lor
<br />"Ppt"opr1atton, did not amYlve. It ...
<br />el.rtc.kllm lrom the bUl wben the ""Iutre-
<br />DI.IInt that nery watft UlIl'I' have a. contract
<br />wu added to t 5.- S1gnUleantlJ'. no phraM
<br />OC' pro..bIon Indicating that the Secretary'll
<br />eontnct powu .... to be conU'OlIed by the
<br />law of prior ..pprgprLaUon .... aublUtuted
<br />either thl!'n or at lUly other Ume belore p...-
<br />llfl\!l 01 the Act. &nd ..e a.r.. pe~a.ded that
<br />had Con<<T~ Intf'nded so to fettf'r the See.
<br />rctarT'l dllc'r<'tUm. It .ould h....e done 10
<br />In e1...... IUld unequI..oeaI tenna, .. It d1d
<br />In recognizing "prewnt perfected rlghta~ In
<br />10.
<br />Thllt the bill ... rt't1.ng the Seeref.ftrJ
<br />aum.c1ent pow.... to o:.arry out an allocation
<br />01 the wate.. 1UP0ll!!: the Sta.U1S and &Il\ong
<br />the Wlen withIn ~h Slate ..Ithout rec&f'd
<br />to the law 01 prio.r ..ppropria.tlon ....u
<br />brougbt out In a colloquJ' bet...o:oen ),fon_
<br />tana'l Senator Wlllah and Call1ornl..'. s.n-
<br />ator JohPMln, _hc.e State hlld at lu..t ..
<br />much reaaon as lUly other State to bind the
<br />3ecreta.ry by ltate 111-. Sen..tor WalIh,
<br />who ..... tho.roughly ..eJ'lJ<"d In ...eatrrn wat.f>r
<br />I..... and aWn had prnIOUII!y arl!:"<"ct: belo",
<br />thl.I Court In a 1ea.dlflC caae 10..ol'1'1n8 the
<br />doctrIne 01 p"or app.oprllltlon." mad.. ctllaT
<br />...hat would 10Uow J!"Om the Oovernment'.
<br />impounding 01 the Colorado at..er watl!'rs
<br />when be aLld, "I alwa,. und....tod that the
<br />Inter...t that lltor", the .ater h.... a right
<br />.u~.tot to p.lor ..pproprlatlona that do not
<br />atore.~ H.. aoucht BenaU>!' JohD*>n'. ..Iewa
<br />On ...bat rlgbta the CIty of Loa Anselea.
<br />...hlch h..d flIed ehume to IIol"P quantJtlea
<br />of Colo.lldo Rlv~r ....tel'. WOUld ha... after
<br />the Government had bull' the dam and Im-
<br />pounded the ..au.n. In ...ply to Sena~
<br />Walah'. .peclllc qUHtIon ..hether th... GoY-
<br />..roment mlKht "dlJlpoN 01 the nored ..al.l!'ra
<br />.. It _ t1t,~ Senator JohnlOn IIAld. "Yea,
<br />und..r OM tenPIJ ot tha bill." Senato\' John_
<br />IOU added that "everything In thJ. aeheme.
<br />plan, or dealgnM ...... "dependt'nt upon the
<br />&-creta.ry of the Inl.l!'or1or eootl"acUng .Ith
<br />t.hOM who d...m to ohLaln the benefit of
<br />the conatrucUon.M ne adrolttC"ll tbat I~ ....
<br />poalble that the Secn>tary oould "utw.ly Ig_
<br />nore" Los Angelea' app.oprtatloJUl.-
<br />In ULla aame dlaeUMton. Senatm IlAYnl:H
<br />emphaalzed the ee.:r..tary" po."" 10 allocate
<br />the _tel" by malll~ oontracta wtth \hie..,
<br />./Ul.I!'r Benatm Wnlab MJd !.hilt he tIndenkood
<br />~nlltcl" Johneon to be uguln!!: that the s........
<br />...tary muat _UBty Loll A~el""l' approprlA_
<br />Uon&. St'nator HATDVI COI"rK"t~ him. poInt.-
<br />Inc out that Senater JOhnllOn had Qualln...ct
<br />hLa .tat.ement by ...ylng that "alter all. the
<br />Secretary 01 the Interior could &lla. Ule city
<br />ar Los Angl!'lee to have aucb quantity ol.ater
<br />aa ml8'ht be d"tennJned by cont.IIC't." Ben_
<br />IItoe' HnDEN .ent On to _y that, ."'here
<br />
<br />.. See Hearlnga on H.n. G251 IUld 9826 be-
<br />for.. the Commlttl!'e on ln1gllUon and lk<:1a.-
<br />lDf,tJ.on. 69th Con!!:., lat Bess. 12 UlnG).
<br />s....,.ld..lltrn.115.
<br />"Bellllv..Vor.u.:J:2IU.s.485lUIHI. This
<br />ellIIe .... ....11<<1 on hy Mr. J...Uee V..n (Je..
<br />'I'll.nwr In Wyo,"IIIU v. Color"do.'59 U.8.. 4111,
<br />466 09221.
<br />-70 Co"'~.l. Racollll> 168 (l0Z81.
<br />Oth... at.atem'mta by Senator Jobnaon lU'Il
<br />I..... damqlng to Call1OTtlla'a el..lma. Fur ex_
<br />ample. the Senator at ..noth..r point in the
<br />eolloquJ' with &nator Walah &a.\d that he
<br />doubted U' the S<<:retary either ",auld or
<br />could d~ Lo. AngelN and eontnlc~
<br />With aoml"Ol>" haYIng nO appropnaUon. Ibid.
<br />It III likely. howe..er. thllt Senator Johneon
<br />waa tAlking about preaent p"'rfo:ct.ed rIghts,
<br />.. a rl!'w mlnu!eol hdo", he tuld argued tha,
<br />Loll Ansel... had talten .umcl"nt al.l!'plI 10 per_
<br />fecting 11.11 claims to mak.. them proteocted.
<br />See Id.. at 187. Pr_nt p"rfeetll'd rlghta. &It
<br />we ha,'e obaerTed In the text. a.re recocntzed
<br />by th.. Act. 16.
<br />
<br />June .&
<br />
<br />dmnO!\ltlc and Icrlgat!on n<<d. conflteted. ..the
<br />Seeretary 01 the Interior will naturally c1e_
<br />dde as betw....n appllcanta. on" who d....lteII
<br />to uaa th....ater lor p<)table PUrp<IIIN In the
<br />e1ty and lUloth.... who deslrel 1;0 UllI! It tor It.
<br />rtpUon. II th....e b not enough ...tel to go
<br />around. that the city ahail h....e the prer~._
<br />enee..... It b al80 a1~lncant that t..o vI<<o-
<br />rvua opponenta or the bill. .....Irona.a tt..pre_
<br />"'ntatlve ~l.. IUld Utab'& IUpreeentatlve
<br />CoHoOn. crlUclzed the blll beeauae It cava
<br />the Se<::n-tary ot the lntulor "abeolute con_
<br />tcol~ over the dtapoalUon of the nored
<br />waters,-
<br />The argum..nt that Congre. "ould not
<br />bave delegated to the 8ecret.aTy so much
<br />POW'" to appcwUOI>. IUld dlatrtbute the .ater
<br />o......loou tbe .11,.. In which hi. po....er Ia
<br />Ilmlted and channeled by atandan1a In the
<br />proJeet Ad. to parUeuI..... Ule5e<:retary Ia
<br />b.ound to lIMe"e the Act.. Umit.Uon of
<br />4.fOO.OOO acr.._r....t on eaUtumla" eonaump_
<br />U"e u.... out 0( the drat '7,M1O.000 1lCt~.fo:oet
<br />of malnal.r1!lllm wa""". Thla nec.........llyl..ave
<br />the.ema.lntng 1I.IOO.OOOacre-r..<'t lor the use
<br />01 Arbwna and N"..ada. alne... they lU'e the ,
<br />only othu scates WIth acceeI to the- main
<br />Colorado &I...... Nevada oona!.lltenUJ' took
<br />the poaIUon. aec.epted by th.. othe. Sta!eol
<br />througbout the debates, th..t h.... concelv.
<br />able needa would not e&ef!f!d 300.000 ace....
<br />IHt...hleh,olcour....leUUtOO.ocolLCI'f!.ret't
<br />lor .....Iron"... WIe. Mor...,v..r. Congreu. In.
<br />dlCllI.f'd that It thougbt thla a proper dl"lltlon
<br />01 We ,,'atera when In the aecond par&gl'apb
<br />of . 4(..) It KA"" advan"" eonAllnt to a trl.
<br />&tate compact adopUnc .\lCh dlvtl<lon. While
<br />no eueh oompact ... nil'!' enWorN Into. th..
<br />&le....ta.ry by hla contract. hlUl apportioned
<br />the ....~ In the ll.ppzoond amountll and
<br />the...by loUowed the guld.lIn.... let I1mOll by
<br />OonIiVNI. And, l\I Ule YUI.I!'. polntt"d out.
<br />Congreu aet up other IJtandarda and placed
<br />othl!'T .11Pl1tle&nt lImltatiom; upon the s..e.
<br />...t.ary'apo...erto dlstrlbutethe atored ,,"tl!''''
<br />It apoelftca11J' aM. out In ord... the pur~
<br />f(ll" .hleh the Secre-1Ary mu.t Ulle the dl'Im
<br />and Ule.....nooir; ~
<br />"Plrat. lor rt".... ~1.UOn. Impro....mt'nt
<br />01 na"!g..Uon, and nood control; Ie'COnd. for -
<br />""..tlon and dom....t1c UN!II and ..tleI...,_
<br />.,
<br />Uon G! pr....nt perlected rtght.e In punua..... _.
<br />01 Artlcle '''III of MJd Colomdo at..... COm_
<br />pact; and thIrd. lor pow..r,- lG.
<br />The Act lurthM" requIres th.. 8I'cr..tary
<br />to mue re"..nu.. pro..l&1onll In hill cont.....ta
<br />adequate to en.lnlre the rcco....ry of Ihe n_
<br />pe~ of conalrucUon. op","Uon. and maIn.
<br />tenllnre or the darn and oth... ...ork_ wIthin
<br />&0 r...... after thl!'lr OOJ>IItruetlon. 14(b).
<br />Th.. Seere-bl.y III dl.ected to malle .nter con_
<br />traetII 101" irTlpUon and dom.lie uaN 00.1, I
<br />"70 CoNCU;MtOrUL RacoI.D 169 (10:!81. At.
<br />one point 3enatO'r lLt.'I'1>"'" \SI!I!'U\5 to I:3Y thAt
<br />the Seeretary'a contnLeta are to bI' gon.nNt
<br />b)'lItate11111"; '~eon1y thlnGret1UI.ed In thl..
<br />bill I. con~ned In the amendment that 1
<br />ha"e olrered, tbat ther.. .hall be appointed to
<br />I!'fl.Ch State Ita ahn.... or tho ....tt'r. Then, who
<br />.halt obtain thet ."1.I!'r In relatlvlli! ..n1er of
<br />prto..ltJ' may be determined by the Stale
<br />cou'ru.~ ibId. But, In ..1..... or the Sen..u.r'. .1
<br />other at&tementll In the same deb.at". thb
<br />remark of a man 10 kno....lt'dgcnbla In ...""t-
<br />e.n W&tf'r I:l.w m<.... &en$<! only If one und~r.
<br />.b\nds tbat th.. "ordl'l' 01 prlt>r\!J''' belng
<br />biked a.h<)ut.... the order 01 p......nt per_
<br />fected. .IChta-rlChtll ,.hlch &'uak>r Hayden
<br />recognlaed. .... fd.. at un. and .hlch the
<br />Act p.-rvn In I 6.
<br />-69 Coor~NAL R~ 1162'3. 9t'iU
<br />(U:1lI). We reeognl?.e, of cours... that 1Jtat&.
<br />menta Of Opp<)n..ntll 01 a bll! m..,y DOt be
<br />authoritative. He Sclurf'gm.aftll /J'(M. ... Cd!.
<br />_.t DuffllcJ COryJ~ 341 U.S 384, 31U-3Q5
<br />(19511, but thl!'Y ....e nt'verthl!'ll!WI rel..vant
<br />llnd u...tul. eapeelllUy ...he.... IUI h..n. the
<br />prop<)n~oUl 01 the bUt made no reEpon!lll to
<br />theoppowmt'lerltidllll>.ll.
<br />
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