|
<br />!) ll6
<br />
<br />OillS!)!)
<br />
<br />prevall..a II) Dlllllt of the W~n Sta~."
<br />lJnd~ that law the one who liMIt appro-
<br />prtatea .ater &nd putl: It to ben..flcta.! Ulle
<br />thereby a.equlre. a v~ rlCht to oonUnue
<br />to dlrert n..nd Uli(' that quantity of "'atef'
<br />agalIllit '.11 cla.lJna.ntll Junior to him In po1nt
<br />of Um..... "P\IlIt In Ume. Drat In rlgbt" 110
<br />!:he short-bll.fld eltpl"H&ton Qf thla I~ prtn-
<br />clple. In 1922. only four montld afur the
<br />Fall-Davis Report, thla Oourt 111 WI/om!.." v.
<br />Coeorc40, 2S~ U.s. 4U, beld U:lat the doct.:rlne
<br />of prior appropriatlon oould be gtven Inter.
<br />etate errect." Tbb; dectelon Int.ensUI.ed tee..n
<br />or Upper Bastn Sta~ th.t they would nQt
<br />@'ett.helrfalrahareotCol.oradoRlnrwater."
<br />In view or Callfornla'e pbMlomenal growth,
<br />the UpJ>ft" Basin Statell he.4 parth:ular N!'fUIOn
<br />to feal' Lb.t California.. by a,pproprlll.Ung &lid
<br />using Colorado Rlv.". ",ater befOl"f! the upper
<br />States, would, und..r the lnteMlta.te appllca.
<br />tlon ot the prt",. approprbtlon doctrln.., be
<br />"fil'1ltln tlme" &Ild theft'f",.e "tIr8t In right."
<br />Nor were nch felll'1l11mlted to tbe nort.hnn-
<br />m..t Statell. Nenda. Utah, and eepecIaIIy
<br />ArtzoD.II. were all apprehene.lve that Cali_
<br />fornia'. rapid declll.l"8tlon of appropriative
<br />cl"lmII \.;ould deprive them or their just
<br />share of bBlIln W1I.tef" ua.\lable after con-
<br />t1t.nJctlon or the pro~ United State8 proJ.
<br />ect. It _ed fOl' a time tba.c; th_ feon
<br />would keep the Sta.t.ea from agreeing on any
<br />kind of dlfl$lon or the rlv~ wate.... Hoping
<br />to prevent "oonlllcta" and "Kpenah... lIt1g.-
<br />Uon" whiCh would hold up or prevent the
<br />tr..mendoWl benefttll ellpeCted from l'lltenalve
<br />federuJ development of the river." the baloln
<br />Stat... requeolted l\.nd Congr""" p~ .n Act
<br />on Auguet 19, 1921. glvtng the States con.
<br />lII!nt to negotlate &nd enter Into a oompa.ct
<br />f~ the "eqult...ble dldlrlon Il.fld .pportlon.
<br />me"'. . . C)Il the water IJUpply at the
<br />Colorado tu_r:' ,.
<br />Pursuant to thu collg,.....lonal authority,
<br />th.. ...v.m States appointed Com.znlaBlonera
<br />who. after nl'g(>tlatlng for tbe blotter part
<br />of a yeflr. ,,"-("hed Iln RgnemeDt. at Santa Pf!,
<br />New Mellteo. on N01'emblor 24. Ivn. The
<br />Ilgr1!i'ment. Itno....n aa tbe Co.lorado Rlvl!r
<br />Compa<::t,- talll'd. to fulfill the hope 01 Con-
<br />
<br />"Thla la", preve.lla f:llelUIIlvelyln all th.e
<br />~!.n States escept California. Bee Well.
<br />Water Rlghte In the W.,.tern Statea I 66
<br />(I~ll); Hutchlne, Selected Probleua In the
<br />Lnwof Wllter R18hte In tho Wen 3ll--31 (19-12)
<br />(U.s. O<>pt. of AgrleultW"l.' Mlac. Pub. No.
<br />418), Even In Callf<Wnla It la Impol"t...n~
<br />See 51 Onl. Jill". 2d Waters If 257-26-4 (1959).
<br />-Hi1Uurlidcr 1'. Lo Plolo River '" Chl'fTJl
<br />Creek DUch Co" 30\ U.s. 92.98 (Jn8); An-
<br />zono v. CfJll/ornw,283 U.s. 423, 459 fl~I),
<br />,. The doetrtne conUnues to be applled
<br />lntent.ate. E. ", NebrG.lko v. Wyoming, 325
<br />U.s.~,617-a18(1lK5"
<br />""Delph E. CaIpen""r. Colorado River
<br />Commls8lont'r for the st.e.te of Colorado, IJUm_
<br />maTized the tdtuation produced by thll.t de_
<br />ct.sIon Ita foillOWS:
<br />" 'Tbe up~r etate hu but one alternative,
<br />thM of using e\'t'f)' mea.DII to retard de_
<br />nlopment In the 10........ .tate unUJ the uses
<br />within the upp.... .tate hll.ve reached their
<br />rnasimum. The atatea may avoid th1a un-
<br />fortunate tdtuatlon by determl..n1ntl: I.hetr
<br />respective r1ghte by Lntel"l<tate eompad be-
<br />fore further develOpment In l'I.thi!'f atate,
<br />thUl permittlng freedom of development In
<br />the lower atll.te without Injury to tuture
<br />gr'(lwthln the upper:
<br />''"I'he final n~oUaUon of tbe compact took
<br />place In the atmosphere produced b)' that de_
<br />e1s10n." trA Doe. No. 717. BOth Coni:_, 2d.
<br />Sea. 2:01 (1948),
<br />DBA Rep. No. 191, 67th OOng_. 1st Be....
<br />(1921).
<br />-42 St.a.t. In (1921).
<br />-The Compa.ct. ea.n bto found at 70 Cong,
<br />nee. 324 (1928J, a.nd UB. Dept ot In""'rlor,
<br />Documents on the uae and Cont:rol ot. the
<br />Waters ot InteT&ta.te and lnterna.Uorml
<br />Stl't'alna 39 (19S6),
<br />
<br />.
<br />CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
<br />
<br />lJl"Nll that thl' State1l WOUld thtl1:IUf!l..... agr....
<br />on eac..b State'l &ha.re of the watel'. The m..t
<br />the Commluloners were able to accompll6h
<br />In the cumpBCt wu to adopt a compromJ.Mo
<br />IIIlggestton of 5e<:rPta.ry of Commerce lIerblor~
<br />ll00vff. apee.llllly deaignaUd lUI United Statee
<br />np..-ntAUre."' 'lbla compromiae divides
<br />the entire ba81n Into two pa.rta, the UpPer
<br />Ballin and the LoIII'er Baan, lep&rated at a
<br />point on the rh'er In northern Arizona known
<br />lUI Lee Perry. (A map ebowtng the two
<br />b8a1ne and oth.... polnta 01 InterHt In uu.
<br />cont.r'o\'eny b; prlntOO ... an Appendlll at p.
<br />53.) Article m (aJ or the Compllet appor.
<br />tlona to each bull> In perpetult)' 7,500.000
<br />aere_feet of water - .. )'l!1lr fnxn th.. 00101'<10
<br />River Syat.em.. ddlned In Article U(al ... "the
<br />Colorado Rlvt'r a.nd Ita trIbutarla within the
<br />United Sta.teII of America." In addition,
<br />Article Ulfbl g1_ the Lower Ballin ..the
<br />I1i:ht to ~ Ita btln..f1clal conaumpUve
<br />uae - of IJUch ""aura by one million acre_feet
<br />per annum." Art1c1e IUfe) provld~ that
<br />tuture Melllean ......t.er right.! recognized by
<br />the UolUd Statee shan be supplied lint out
<br />of .urplua over and above the aggregate 01
<br />the quantltlell specified In f., and (bl, &nd
<br />If t.h1I SUlpha b; not enough the dellcleOCY
<br />ehJt.n be borne equall)' by the two buW.
<br />Article Hlfd) requires the Upper Baaln not
<br />to depl..t.e the Lee hrry llow below 11.11 agrff_
<br />gate of 75,000.000 acn-feet foe any 10 oon-
<br />secutlve ynn. Article 1fI (f, and 19) pro.
<br />vld.. a _y tOl' further apportionment by a.
<br />compact at "Colondo River SYlItem" waters
<br />at any ume after October 1, 1963. While
<br />tb_ alloeaUol1.l quieted ri..alrI... betWftn
<br />the Upper and Lo~r Bulns, major duref_
<br />ent'M between the States In the Lower Buln
<br />continued. PlI.llu.nt of the Compact to deter_
<br />mine ee.<'b State.. ilhare of the water lert
<br />Neva.da nnd Arlzona wltb their fedra tbat the
<br />law or prior appropri...tIon would be not a
<br />protA;ctlon but a men,ace becaUlle CalifornIa
<br />could u.e that law to get for heJ;1H'1f the
<br />lIon'a ahare ot the ....ten allotted to the
<br />Lower BaaIn. Moreover, Arizona. bPc.aUJltl of
<br />her partlCulll.rly strong Intereat In th" Olla,
<br />10ten....l)' r..aented the Compact'e InChalon of
<br />the C<;IIorado RtYI\'I' trlbutflrles In Ita .Uoca-
<br />Uon lChelXle .nd IV" bitterly hoetlle to hav_
<br />Ing ArI30n... trlbuLarI.... agaln. particularly the
<br />OU.. forced to contribute to the ),fMJcsn
<br />burden. l.a.rgtoly for these ~, Arizona.
<br />MOne. or .u the Statea In both baalna, refused
<br />toratlfyUle Coropa.eV'
<br />seeking mes.ns whleb would permit rat!.
<br />Jlcatlon by .U tIOl.....n buln States, the 001r_
<br />emora of tho.e Statile met a~ Denver 10 1925
<br />and again In UI27. Aa.. fuult or theeel1U'Olt-
<br />Inp the aovernon of the upper StAt.,. 81.18-
<br />geeted. all a fair .pporU=nt or water
<br />amonl th.. r.o-r Baaln Sta.tea, thAt out or
<br />the .Yf!~ a.nnU&l dell...ery of W1IlWtr a~ Ll'1t
<br />F~rry l"e'quued by the COnlpnet-7.500,000
<br />acre.ted--Nevada be glftn 300.000 n.ere.fe.et,
<br />Arizona 3,000.000. and C1illtOl'nIa 4.200.000,
<br />&nd that unapportloned watenl, subject too
<br />reapportionment after uaa, be e.hU'lld equa.lly
<br />by Arlzons and California. Ea.,h Lower Basin
<br />State ""ould have "tbe eZc:lua!ve benellclal
<br />eoneumptlv" u"" of auch trlbutarlee wlthLn
<br />Ita bound:vlee befure the &.1..lI1e empty l.nto
<br />the I'lUI.in ~:' "zeept that Artzona trJ.
<br />but&rJ'....tenIn ellces&ot 1,000,llOOacre-f.....t
<br />could under aoma elrcum.stanet!8 be IUb}ect
<br />to dlmlnutton by rtlUIOD of . United Statu
<br />treaty with Ml!!lllco. Tbte propoea.l to'lUl.dPNd
<br />
<br />. B.R. Doe. No. 717, 80th O;:mg., 2d s..sa. 22
<br />(1948J,
<br />.. An .cr....foot. ot water III enough to DOVer
<br />&n lottO or land wtth one toot or water.
<br />. "Ben.ellchIJ oonsumptlve U6Ol" DleIllUl con-
<br />eumpUve ~ mllMnred by dJ"enk>na leel re-
<br />turn ftowe, fOl' . benelldal (non'WUtfoful)
<br />p.",....
<br />.. Arizona did ratify the Compact In 1944.
<br />"'''''r It had all'e1I.dy become Ml""""tlve by 8Iz-
<br />atate ratlllCl.t1on &II permitted by tbe Boulder
<br />CanJ'Qo Project Act.
<br />
<br />June .~
<br />
<br />beeau.... CalUornla. h..ld out tor 4.600,000 acre.
<br />feet lnatead ot '.ZOO.OOO - a.nd beea.we Arl_
<br />zans. hdd Ollt for complete ellemptlon of ItII
<br />trlbuUU'le. from any part Of the Melllclln
<br />bUrden.-
<br />Between 1922 a.nd 1927 Congre&8m3n Phlllp
<br />Swing .nd ~ator Hlra.m Jobnaon, botb of
<br />California. mad", three atte:nptl: to have
<br />Swtng_Johnaon .bllle enacted. autborlZing
<br />COlllltructlon of a dam 10 the canyon .wetlon
<br />of t.be Colwado tunr &Ild an all_American
<br />canal." Tb_ bUIa would bave clllTled out
<br />tbe Ol1glnal Pail-Davia Report'. recommenda-
<br />tions that the rlnr problem be recognized
<br />a.nd treated aa natlonlll, not local. Al-lzon....
<br />Benaton .nd Col18reasmen. eUlIlUlIllIung Up-
<br />On a dellnlte guara.nty ot wat..r trom the
<br />m.e..lnat.ream, bitterly lought Ul...... propoaal..
<br />bOle.U&e they falled to provide for ""c1u~l,.e
<br />uae 01 her own trlbutarlee, partlC'Ul.e..rly the
<br />OUa. and for ezemptlon of thelle trlbutarl...
<br />from the !.felllcan burden.
<br />Fl.na.lly, the tourth Swlng_Joil1l.l1On bill
<br />plUllJed both Hou...ee and became the Bouldt!'r
<br />Canyon Project Act or Decem~ 21, 1928, 45
<br />stat. IOn. 'I1:r.e Actautborlzed the8ec<<wy
<br />or the Interior to conatruct, operate, ....d
<br />m.e..lntalO ft. dam and other w","1ea In order to
<br />control 1I00dl1, Improve navigation, reglllate
<br />the river'a tIow. store II.lld <I.Ilitrlbute w.ten
<br />tOl" reclamatloo II.lld other benellclal uaea.
<br />and generate electrical po...r.'"' The proJecte
<br />authorized by the Act were the aIWle u thoae
<br />provIded tor In the prior de!eated me&3\U"es.
<br />but In other signlflc.e..nt reepee~ the Act w....
<br />strlkJngly dltrf!rent. 'lbe earlier blUe had
<br />oll'ered no metbod wbatever or a.pportlonlnl
<br />the watt!'ra among the Statile ot the Lower
<br />Buln. The Act aa finally pM>;ed did provide
<br />eucb ft method., and,"" we 1'lew It, the method
<br />c.boeen w.... a complete ..tatutory "pportion_
<br />ment Intended t<> put an end to the long
<br />etandlng dblpute over Colonodo Rtver waten.
<br />To prolect the 'Upper Buln agalDl<t California
<br />..hould Arlzo"loaUII refulII!! to l'lI.tuy the Com.
<br />pact,- 14{a) 01 the Act aa fillllIl)' plUllJed
<br />provided that, It fewer than ...ven States
<br />rll.tlfted within elll months, the Act e.hould no~
<br />take"el!ect unle.... elll States IncludIng Call_
<br />foenla nUlled and uol.... CalIIornl... by Ita
<br />lcgl.illature. agrl'<l'<t "lrrnOCabl)' "nd uncon-
<br />ditionally . . . u an ellpreae covetlantM to
<br />a limit on Ita annual conaumptlon of Colo.
<br />rado Rll'U water or "tOUl'" million foUl' hun.
<br />dred thouaand acre.I....t or tbe waters ap.
<br />portiOned to the lo....cr bfItIln Sta~ b)' para_
<br />graph fal or Artlel.. m of the Colorado River
<br />complLCt, pill. not more than one-balf or "oy
<br />nce. or .urplne watera unapporUOOI!d by
<br />laid compact." Congreas In the aame 3eOtlon
<br />&howed U. conUnUlng deaU'e to have Cali-
<br />fornia. Arizona. and Nevada ...ttle tbelr OWn
<br />dur"""ncllll b, lI.uthortzl.ng them to make an
<br />agreement apportlonLng to Nevada 300,000
<br />men_teet. ll.lld to Arizona 1l.800,0(I() acre-t.....t
<br />pilla balf Of llnY aurplUII wuten U=ppor-
<br />
<br />1
<br />
<br />I
<br />
<br />.
<br />
<br />,
<br />"i
<br />
<br />I
<br />
<br />. Hearl.nP on H.R.. 11773 befor. the Hou....
<br />C<;Irrunlttee on Irrlptlon and ~amll.tklf1.
<br />70th Coni:.. 1st SlltIs. 4Oll-405 (I9ll8I.
<br />-/d...t 30-31. Artzona allOG obJtoote<t to
<br />the provl.almw concerning electriea.l power.
<br />"lI..ft. 11"9, 67th CongM 2d sea. (19221:
<br />Jt.R 2l103,8..7117,68tb Cong.,lIitSeel. {19231:
<br />aR. 982'6, s. 3331, 69Ul Cong., let !!eM.
<br />(1926).
<br />. Another purpoeo of the Act wu to ap-
<br />proTe the Colore.do lU'rm' Compact. ....blch had
<br />aUoc:ated the wa.ter bet..-n the t-.o bMlnl_
<br />. 'lbe Upper Be./Iln States reared thll.t, If
<br />ArUona did not ratify the Compact, tbe dlvl_
<br />elon 01 wa""r between the UPP" .o.nd Lower
<br />Baalns agreed on In the Compact would be
<br />nullified. Tbe reaeonlnl wu that Allum...
<br />UIlM would not be charge<t aglbult tb" Lower
<br />Ba.sln" apportionment and that California
<br />would therefore be free to ellb.ust that ll.p_
<br />pmUow:nent b..rwU. Thtal Lower Baaln ~
<br />would then be more than permitted In the
<br />Compact. leaving 1_ water for the Upper
<br />Be./Iln.
<br />
|