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<br />0019:4
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<br />
<br />CONC...iSSIONAL RECORD-SENATE
<br />
<br />9131
<br />
<br />1963
<br />
<br />COl1UllMld of 16 of the ReclIUn&tlon La".:r.J
<br />5~t. 398. U O'B.e. 14.3I-that Wlltn de-
<br />IIvcrlu t.o each ua.ed not nceed Ule qua..nUty
<br />requlrcl<1 for 160 ac:r_pr".l~ O\'or lUte
<br />taw. IKX. that state taw does not gen..n.u,
<br />govern. pr(ofiU~ In !.he uae of waur fTtnI
<br />federal roclaaw.t1on proJect.t under Ill- The
<br />~ Ia IN7\Jule oll"prHPJr lUted th&t It,....
<br />reacbln.g Ita I1&ITOIIJ oonelulton: "ytT,hout.
<br />p.uIIlng gmft1llly on th.. QO"erage of 18 tn
<br />the deUoateIl.l'n of federa.l"t.ato! fl"laUO)DlIlD
<br />the Irr1pUon Ileld" 3~7 tJ B.. at~.
<br />nt. general qu"uon. wltb rrfe-rellee k)
<br />wbat u undoubtoedly the mOl"t Impor1.&nt.
<br />IlnCle ..ater project In Ule enlted SI.4tft,.la
<br />pJ1lC1aely \.he qU"'UOD boo:1Wf 115 !.Odl'. In
<br />vIew ol the l&nlJ'lllge o! the Proj~ Act. as
<br />well All Ita baclF:grov.nd and Il'SLSlaUn hLltory.
<br />\here CIUI. I think. be nO doubt of the answer.
<br />V,TH!:UC:K O,.......I01l~I>EP1J<1"'t1nn: UX!:nI;
<br />0,. TlB a&Qlft"IT'S POWEll.
<br />The 5ea'etarf. !.be Court holda. h... 111.
<br />ready apportioned thO' "1I~n of the main-
<br />lueam by bUI contnet$ With Arizona IUl4
<br />NeVll.da and baa done 80 In a.ecordanee with
<br />thlll formula R1gpo1ted u. ~ (ut an tnt.el'-
<br />~te agreemwt La I "(al. Tb~ bolding
<br />may COIne Ua lurprl.!ie to t..h.-e ra<pOU61bl..
<br />tot a ltatelJlen~ lU~b .. !..hat In the Arl.t;ona
<br />contmct, whim pro..ldee UlAt Ita t.enna are
<br />N. . . IIP1.t.hout p"'JudlOl' to. lUly of tbe re~
<br />apect!ve OOll.tentlo_ of Laid .tatq and _tel'
<br />w.era all to . . . I::'>) wlult IImltaUona on
<br />WlI'I, rlghts ot Ule, and "'laU.... prl(J\"IUq e.u..t
<br />II to the wat.en oJ' Ule Colorado River
<br />.,.--
<br />But whether the qu=tum oj the 8ecJ'o..
<br />tary'll apportionment WII IntenUonal or 10-
<br />adnrteot, the Court holds that lU~b lUl IP.
<br />porUona"'nt b.a4 beoen made. lUld the ",Inant
<br />quelltlon tor the tutur.. Ls thO' one that ta
<br />perba~ prl.marlly rspo_lhle for th~ Utl-
<br />gatlon: How ~ the burden oJ' any Iboru.g.
<br />to be horne by the Lower Bum States? Thla
<br />qu..Uon ~ not decided: thO' Court limply
<br />lrt.aka tllat Ole InIU,,1 d..t.ermlnIUon ta for
<br />the Secret&/")' to m&ke.
<br />Wh.D. t y&n1I!lckl hll Congrna IAld down
<br />for him. to follO\ll'? ThrTe Is. It bI au... a
<br />duty lmplJi'ed on th.. ~ret.a.ry under I 8
<br />to lIll.t~fy MpreriClnt IWrfecl.ed rlgbta.- and If
<br />tb_ rlKbtall"ll detl.nlldaa thOlllper1....te<t
<br />on or before the elfecUve d.o,U oJ' t.M Act.. It
<br />hu been eaUmated !lu.t Ca1tfornll:1 ware
<br />amounts to appro:Umauly 3.000.000 ACre-f....t
<br />annuaUy. Thll. then. woUld be \.he ftoor
<br />provided by the Ac~ for CIllfornla. _urnlng
<br />..nougb W:l.t.er bI available to ...tll'y such
<br />pr=ent perlected rlghtl. And \.he Act a.1Io
<br />has prortded a crillng fot Call1"ornla.: the
<br />1.400.000 acn_leet of water lp!'\u. one-b.a1t
<br />of "urplus) de&Crlbed In 14(110).
<br />But whit oJ' that Wide ....ee. bet..-n these
<br />two outer limits? Uere. .beD ..e look for
<br />the lIt4nda.rda delln1n& the $oloc:r.t.ary'll au-
<br />thorIty. we and nothJo8_" tlode~e Coun"
<br />COWltnlcUon of the Act. In otlu'r worcla,
<br />Collgr_ haa lIl.&de a Kilt to the &e<<et.ary
<br />of alInCl$t 1.$00,000 acre-'ee~ 01 water 110 yelU'.
<br />
<br />. Nor u anrthlng aald In City 01 7re$nO 1".
<br />Ca/l/ornu.. 372 VlI_ 62'7. t<'lc..ant bere, I!nce
<br />the Court the~ "tate<! only thllt 1I tbe Oo't'-
<br />rrnment nen::\IIes Ita po.....r of emlnent ~
<br />ma1n. "the ellect of I e In suet! a caaoe II to
<br />leave to stat.e law the dennlUon at th.. prop-
<br />erty In~st/l. 11 lUly. for which eompeWl4-
<br />Uon must be made." :172 U.s., at 630.
<br />F",llftO did not corulder the queatlon now
<br />pl'Kented: the elfect of I e In the a~ of
<br />any l'I:e:rc1M 01 the f<<lm.! power of emi-
<br />nent domain.
<br />.. Nor, I aubmlt. d0f'3 thl.' Court IN&l:'''$t
<br />.nr ltandardS. Crrt..'\lnly. there ta nothlng
<br />In the enumrraUon 01 PUfJKl6"llln I 6 which
<br />wUI be of any --'Itan~ In helplbg the Sec-
<br />not>U'}" allocate the burden of .hortaeN
<br />lUIU>ZlI" canpeUnc In"lpUon lUld domellUc
<br />uaH ""tbln and amane tbe Lo'lftl' Ba.51n
<br />Sta~.
<br />
<br />to aUocaU mtuaUy ... he pleaats In the
<br />event of anJ' shortage p~v"'lung the fUUl.U-
<br />ment of all of !WI dellnTY comnutmenlol.
<br />The del~t1on oJ' such unraU"llned au.
<br />t.hOl"ltJ to an eUO;UlIve omc1a1 ...u-. to I&J'
<br />the I""-It. the gn.....t constitutional doubts.
<br />Bee Schechter Povltry Corp. ". U,,'ted Stlllcll,
<br />296 011. 41U: PaMnul lh"Jlninl1 Co. .._ RYQ",
<br />mOll. 3.88; d. You"I1'tOlO" SlInt & Tube
<br />Co. ". SalUyer, 34.3 U.s. 6711. ::'>87-680. The
<br />principle that authorltJ' granted bJ' the leg!l-
<br />btute mUlOt be limited by adequ:>W .tand-
<br />&rdI aenea two prtmll.rJ' functions vital to
<br />pr-eaerrtng the aepara.tum of powen requtred
<br />ny the ConsUtutlon.- Ftrlt. It I_ures that
<br />the fundamental polIcy decll10na In our
<br />mejety wl.ll be made not by an .ppointed
<br />otII.clllJ btlt by the body immediately rapon-
<br />alble to the people. $<<0114. It pre,<<,nta
<br />Judlctal revle. from becomlnC merelJ' .n
<br />uue1se at ta.rge by providing the COutU with
<br />IOmIl meume ap1nlt which to Judge the
<br />omclal a.cUon t.hat b.aI been cbaJlfl1gOld.
<br />. The abaenee of at&nduda Wlder the
<br />Court" OODStrU<:tion Ia an I_trllcthe llIlQ~
<br />tn.Uon of these polnta. The unrenralned
<br />power to determ.lne the burdeo of lIhor\a8N
<br />~ the power to make a political deoc1a.lon or
<br />the blgheatord..r. Indee-d.the pollUeaI pres-
<br />IIUreII tbM wtll doubt1eea be- brought 1.0 beu
<br />on the &!cretary .. . l1l8Ult. 01 th~ dectalon
<br />IU"e dllturblng to eontemplate_ l"urU>..r-
<br />more. wbate"",r the Secretllry dee-Idea to do,
<br />tb.ta Court will lI\1ftly be unable elfeeUvely
<br />to re.le. bla a.ctIona. "tnee It will not know
<br />wbat guld"" were Inunded. by Co~ to
<br />ZO.."m thoa<l acttona.
<br />Tb~ "ub5l.rontloJ. ClOIUiUtutlOn:ll doubU do
<br />not. 01 eonne, lee.<t to the conclusion tilat
<br />the ProJect Act mUllt be beld Innlld.
<br />Rath"r, they buttre81 the oon.lcUon, al-
<br />ree.<tJ' l1nnly grounded In th.. Act snd Ita
<br />h1stof'J'. that no aveh Authority .u ......ted
<br />In the 6eC'ret4r1 bJ' Congress. Its p~
<br />tnatea.ll_t.oleft""'tb_ll\Itt.e~tostat.e
<br />law, and de..eloped prlnclplea of equltllble
<br />apportlonmrnt, aubJect anly to tbe explicit
<br />excepuona pro..-tded In the Act.
<br />Pol' th_ rellO_ I ree;pecttul1y dl8lent
<br />tram thll oonatrUctlon which. the Court plllol
<br />Ilpontb13uPIl'l'tof the Act.
<br />
<br />THE PARMER'S LESSON
<br />Mr. CARLSON. Mr. President. the
<br />wheat. growers on May 21. by a very de-
<br />cisive vote, rejected the admlnllltraUon'lI
<br />wheat. proposal. The country knows
<br />knows now, very clearly, what the fann-
<br />ers do not want. It does not have a very
<br />clear Idea. howeVer. or wbat they wish to
<br />do.
<br />One thlng I think 1:> definlte, and that
<br />15 the rarolers want a voluntary program
<br />I~tead of the rigid controb wh~ch were a
<br />part or the defea.ted wheat proposal.
<br />While there is g('nl'ral dl~mt'nt.
<br />as to the program that should be
<br />adopted, I think there is very little
<br />doubt that. there must be a N'asonable
<br />pr1ce support. ror wheat until we have an
<br />opportunIty to work ot'! the present. sur-
<br />plus of wheat. It we do not have a rea-
<br />sonable prIce support prognun until we
<br />bave been able to reduce the crop su.r-
<br />plus, It will reoult In a real economIc
<br />hardship.
<br />It is not only the wheat fannenl who
<br />will sutler, but rural communities In the
<br />",heat grov.1ng areas. The hardship will
<br />spread beyond its source to a whole sec-
<br />tor of the ec<lnomy. And it ls Idle- to
<br />suppose that it will not have ILs effect
<br />on employment throughout the count"..
<br />
<br />.5e'(! the dl.scuulon In CloI;Dment. U S\&a.
<br />L. ne.. 372.
<br />
<br />What It! called rot', In my optnlon, is
<br />a aerlous re&SAignment or the whole
<br />apparatus of wheat control and support.
<br />price. It Is my contention that the
<br />Pann Bureau, the Panners unton, the
<br />National Orange, the National Wheat
<br />Growers, cooperaUve orcanlzations, and
<br />the pr1vate naln trade should have an
<br />oppartunJty to let toleLber and work
<br />Jointly for a program In the Interl'$t of
<br />not. only the farmer, but a program that
<br />will provide & market for our wheat, both
<br />foreign and domestic.
<br />The ....-heat ClOwers or our Nation are
<br />concerned about and lntensted in a vol-
<br />untary pr~. They reallze abo In
<br />the present situation, where we have a
<br />large surplUll or wht"8t., It. is not possible
<br />to gO immediately to a supply and de--
<br />mand program..
<br />Congres.s has approved reed graln leg-
<br />WaUon on a voluntary basis, and I sin-
<br />cerely hope 'Ii-e can work out a wbeat
<br />procrram or the same type. To do this.
<br />we must. ha..a the cooperation or the
<br />prerent admlnlstraUon, rann organ1za-
<br />UOM and others Interested in a aound
<br />and pratical program.
<br />Plrst. It seems to me that we must
<br />make every et'!ort to 8t'CUlI!l leg1sIation
<br />before this sesslon of CongyeSS adjourns.
<br />Second. We must redouble our erforts
<br />to nnd new markets and new uses ror
<br />wheat, both at home and abroad.
<br />Thlrd. We must. not permIt the Com.
<br />modit,. Cr1:d1t Corpon.tton to use Ita sur-
<br />plus stoc:t.s or 9i'heat to atred adversely
<br />the price of thJ.s year's crop or wheat.
<br />. With these suggestions In mind, I am
<br />hopeful that the deels1vc vote of the
<br />wheatero..-ers or thIs Nation will. bring
<br />about a ~tter pr08T&m than .114 otrered
<br />thIs year.
<br />On May 30 the Washington Foat. car-
<br />ried an excellent editor1al enUUed "The
<br />Fanner's Lesson," 'IbIs C'dltorial st.n.'SseA
<br />the need ror legislaUon arfecUng whent
<br />and stresses the ract. that unleu some
<br />action 15 taken In thIs &easion of Con-
<br />gress there will ~ economIc repercus.
<br />slons not only In the wheat-producing
<br />areas but also In the Nation as a whole.
<br />I ask unanimoUll consent that the edi-
<br />torial be made a pllrt of these remarks.
<br />There belne no objecUon. the editorial
<br />WI\!! ordered to be printed in t.he RSCOllD,
<br />asf011ows:
<br />n.-.P'..ItMD'II~
<br />In"""",, I)f Amerl= wh~tcr"D""en In l!'l6t.
<br />almply cannot be aUQwlld to de<:lIne .700
<br />m(tIlon lwlow 1002. The Co~ 111:10_ ".
<br />Tbll administration knows It. The wMat
<br />f;u'mulI kno. It. No In"tter how lrrltated
<br />the ao....rnmeDt may be with the fumen
<br />(or ..nUng agalWlt a lIJ'ltftn or oompul-r
<br />1IC~1l and marketing eontrms \.hat prob-
<br />IIbly would bUll produced an tnoorne Of t:J 3
<br />bllllnn, the oountl'y will not be wtlllnc to
<br />lt4nd by and aUow to CO InID eiI'~t the
<br />only elllstlllC allemaU..e plan UDder whIch
<br />Income mlCht be nearly II billion dollan leu.
<br />Several p~u for :Ill. lllternatl1"e pllln
<br />hue emerged tn Con~ and It III plain
<br />that there Ia recornlUolI. on the Hili that the
<br />connt..,. Is not reedy for Nell lUl economic
<br />d\la&U!r. It II Dot Jlat a matter of rural
<br />proapertty thlt ~ In.w..e<t. s.e....nty-ft...
<br />percent of wbeat llOte&ge llllounentll are In
<br />the lhe Northnn Statollll or :r.l1nnellOt.a. lIon_
<br />tana.. North Dakota.. a.nd South Dat.ota, and
<br />the Southnn Plalna States Of OOlorad:>.
<br />Kanua. ~(!bruka. ~ew Uealco. Ot.lahom:ll.
<br />'reus. Utab, and WyomInc. Keonom1c dll.
<br />&6ter e:a.nnot be Inflicted lIpo!:l tb~ wbole
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