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<br />002181 <br /> <br />ARIZONA v. CALIFORNIA. <br /> <br />7 <br /> <br />be "first in time" and therefore "first in right." Nor were <br />such fears limited to the northernmost States. Nevada, <br />Utah, and especially Arizona were all apprehensive that <br />California's rapid declaration of appropriative claims <br />would deprive them of their just share of basin water <br />available after construction of the proposed United States <br />project. It seemed for a time that these fears would keep <br />the States from agreeing on any kind of division of the <br />river waters. Hoping to prevent "conflicts" and "expen- <br />sive litigation" which would hold up or prevent the tre- <br />mendous benefits expected from extensive federal devel- <br />opment of the river," the basin States requested and <br />Congress passed an Act on August 19, 1921, giving the <br />States consent to negotiate and enter into a compact for <br />the "equitable division and apportionment . . . of the <br />water supply of the Colorado River." ,. <br />Pursuant to this congressional authority, the seven <br />States appointed Commissioners who, after negotiating <br />for the better part of a year, reached an agreement at <br />Santa Fe, New Mexico, on November 24, 1922. The <br />agreement, known as the Colorado River Compact;' <br />failed to fulfill the hope of Congress that the States would <br />themselves agree on each State's share of the water. The <br />most the Commissioners were able to accomplish in the <br />Compact was to adopt a compromise suggestion of Secre- <br />tary of Commerce Herbert Hoover, specially designated <br />as United States representative." This compromise di- <br />vides the entire basin into two parts, the Upper Basin <br />and the Lower Basin, separated at a point on the river <br />in northern Arizona known as Lee Ferry. (A map show- <br /> <br />18 H, R. Rep. No. 191, 67th Cong., 1st Sess. (1921). <br />19 42 Stat. 171 (1921). <br />2' The Compact can be found at 70 Congo Rec. 324 (1928), and U. S. <br />Dept, of Interior, Documents on the Use and Control of the Waters <br />of Interstate and International Streams 39 (1956). <br />2' H. R. Doc. No. 717, 80th Cong., 2d Sess. 22 (1948). <br />