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WSPC00146
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Last modified
1/26/2010 10:48:16 AM
Creation date
10/9/2006 1:58:12 AM
Metadata
Fields
Template:
Water Supply Protection
File Number
8062
Description
Federal Water Rights - Colorado Litigation - National Forest ISF Claims - Division 2
State
CO
Basin
Statewide
Date
2/28/1995
Title
Materials of Interest - Greenback Cutthroat Trout Recovery Plan - Final Greenback Cutthroat Trout Recovery Team Submission - Draft
Water Supply Pro - Doc Type
Report/Study
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<br />Ou203? <br /> <br />The fecundity of seven females from Island Lake (Type B), averaging 270+mm in <br />length, had a mean value of 299 eggs per fish (Nelson 1972). Como Creek <br />greenbacks (Type A) held at the USFWS Fish Technology Center (FTC) at Bozeman, <br />Montana, produced 1.5 eggs per gram of female weight for 2-year-old greenbacks <br />weighing 254 grams, and 1.4 eggs per gram of female weight for 3-year-olds <br />weighing 357 grams (Dwyer 1981). <br /> <br />In the Big Thompson River (Forest Canyon), RMNP at an elevation of <br />approximately 3,200 m, Bulkley (1959) observed slightly hybridized (Type B) <br />greenback fry emerging on August 26. <br /> <br />Food and FeedinQ <br /> <br />Jordan (1891) mentioned that Q. g. stomias fed on invertebrates when held in <br />the Leadville NFH, but were reluctant to accept fish flesh as food. Bulkley <br />(1959) reported that the elightly hybridized greenbacke in Forest Canyon, RHNP <br />(3,200 m), fed upon terreetrial organisms during the summer, primarily adult <br />Hymenoptera and adult Diptera. Fausch and Cummings (1986) found greenbacks in <br />Hidden Valley Creek, RMNP (2,690 m), fed opportunistically on a wide variety <br />of organisme. In Hidden Valley Creek, analyeis of greenback stomach contents <br />revealed that terrestrial invertebrates comprised a relatively constant <br />proportion of the diet through September, but the proportion of terrestrial <br />invertebrates in the diet declined rapidly in October as temperatures <br />declined. None of the stomachs contained YOY greenbacks. <br /> <br />The stomach of an 1.19 kg pure (type A) Cascade Creek greenback, illegally <br />taken from Lytle Pond, Fort Carson contained a 114 mm tiger salamander <br />(Amvetoma tiarinum) in 1982. Variations in the Arkansas darter population <br />that co-exists with the greenbacks in Lytle pond indicate that greenbacks eat <br />these native darters, although this observation has not been confirmed by <br />stomach analysis of the greenbacks. <br /> <br />Size and Growth <br /> <br />Behnke (1979) stated that, "Historically, it appears that the greenback seldom <br />attained a large size. About 1-2 pounds seems to be typical maximum size <br />given by old timers. In Twin Lakes, Colorado, during the late 1800's, the <br />greenback did not exceed .a foot in length, while the yellowfin cutthroat (now <br />extinct) attained a size of 10-12 pounds." <br /> <br />Nonetheless, the size and growth of greenbacks varies, based upon the <br />elevation and population size. In small headwater habitats, the greenback has <br />attained a relatively large size of 356-380 mm as observed in the headwaters <br />of the South Fork, Cache La poudre River, where it is much larger than most <br />brook trout in similar habitat. <br /> <br />In september. 1981, 40 pure (type A) Cascade Creek greenbacks were transferred <br />to the fishless 0.4 ha Lytle Pond at an elevation of 1,889 m to establish a <br />wild broodstock. Although none of these greenbacks exceeded 250 mm in <br />september 1981, one male attained a total length of 510 mm and a weight of <br />2.00 kg by November 1983. Studies of tagged greenbacks in Lytle pond have <br />shown a 79 mm and 410 9 increase for male greenbacks, and a 86 mm and 315 9 <br />increase for pre-spawning females from April 1991 to April 1992. <br /> <br />The growth rate of adult greenbacks at higher elevations can be much lower <br />depending on a variety of factors including population density. This is <br />demonstrated by two alpine lakes in RMNP (Sandbeach and Pear) where the exotic <br />fish population had been removed. The lakes were stocked with 161 mm <br />greenbacks at the rate of 22.7 to 26.0 kg/ha on June 30, 1989. After 10 <br />weeks, the fish increased in length by an average of 57 mm (range 47-68 mm). <br /> <br />10 <br />
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