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<br />I <br />,I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />II <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br /> <br />The sandstone can be described as moderately hard, fresh to slightly weathered, buff to tan, thinly <br />to medium bedded, close to wide jointed and fractured medium-grained sandstone. The sandstone <br />can be divided into three zones based on the occurrence of fractures, joints and lithology, as <br />described below: <br /> <br />. Massive Sandstone: moderately close joints, mostly sub-horizontal bedding, this unit <br />is a cliff-former with near vertical faces ranging from 10 to over 50 feet in height. <br />Average rock blocks in the massive sandstone appear to be one to three feet on a <br />side with occasional rock blocks greater than 10 feet in maximum dimension. The <br />massive sandstone units commonly exhibit a distinctive honeycomb weathering <br />pattern in the nearly vertical cliff faces. <br /> <br />. Blocky Sandstone: Closely jointed, prominent joint directions are vertical and sub- <br />horizontal, weathered on altered bedding planes, 1/4 to 1/2 inch thick. Bedding <br />planes suggest alternate zones of less resistant sandstone evidenced by an irregular <br />weathering profile. This unit has typical rock blocks from two to six inches in <br />maximum dimension. <br /> <br />. Shaley Sandstone: Moderately hard to hard, slightly fissile and weathered in cliff <br />faces, boulders tend to disintegrate into platy fragments of one to three inch <br />maximum dimension. <br /> <br />The sandstone is interbedded with shale. This shale can be described as medium hard, fresh to <br />slightly weathered, bluish dark gray, very fine grained, very thinly bedded, slightly fissile, very closely <br />jointed, with very thin partings. <br /> <br />4.4 Groundwater <br /> <br />The groundwater conditions in the project area can be characterized generally by a shallow water <br />table in the alluvial deposits and a deep to non-existent water table in areas with higher topographic <br />elevations. <br /> <br />Groundwater in the vicinity of the proposed tunnel is anticipated to be non-existent. Due to the <br />extreme topographic relief and the arid climate it is not anticipated that significant groundwater <br />would be encountered at the proposed tunnel elevation. Relatively small, discontinuous zones of <br />perched water may exist above individual shale units; however, the potential volume and extent of <br />this perched water is expected to be minimal. <br /> <br />13 <br />