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<br />Pi Ie - An enlongated member., usually mad" of timber, concrete, or <br />steel, that serves as a structural component of a river-training <br />si:ructure. <br /> <br />Piping - Removal of soi I material throLl';II.' subsurface 1" low of seepage <br />water that develops channels or "pi':-8s" within the soil bank. <br /> <br />Point bar - The convex side of a bend th"t is bui It up due to sediment <br />deposition. <br /> <br />Quarry-run stone Natural material usee for streambank protection as <br />received from a quarry without regard to gradation requl rements. <br /> <br />Rapid drawdown - Lowering the water against a bank more quickly than <br />the bank can drain, ",hich can leav" the bank In an unsblble <br />condition, <br /> <br />Reaoh - A portion of a channel between any two paints, <br /> <br />Refusal Eros ion-res i stant mater i a I p I aced in a trench (excavated <br />landward) at the upstream end of revetment at prevent flanking. <br /> <br />Reinforoed-earth bulkhead - A retaining structure consisting of <br />vertical panels and attached to reinforcing elements embedded in <br />compacted backfi I I for supporting a natural or artificial <br />streambank (a specific type of retaining wall). <br /> <br />Retaining wall - A vertical structure used to maintain an elevation <br />differential between the water surface and .top bank I.hile at the <br />same time preventing bank erosion and instability. <br /> <br />Retard - Structure placed parallel to a si:r-eambank to prevent erosive <br />currents from attacking the bank. <br /> <br />Revetment - Cover of erosion-resistant material placed to protect a <br />streambank. <br /> <br />Riparian - Pertaining to anything connected with or adjacent to the <br />banks of a stream. <br /> <br />Riprap - See stone riprap <br /> <br />River training struoture - Any configuration constructed in a stream <br />or placed on, adjacent to, or in the vicinii:y of a streambank <br />that is intended to deflect currents, induce sediment deposition, <br />induce scour, or in some other way alter the flow and sediment <br />regimes of the stream <br /> <br />Rook-and-wire mattress - A flat or cyl indrical wi re cage or basket <br />filled with stone or other $uitabl" ITlaterial placed on a <br />streambank or filter as protection against erosion. <br /> <br />69 <br />