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<br />Levee - An embankment genera I I y I andward of top bank that conf i nes <br />flow during highwater periods, thus preventing overflow into <br />lowlands. <br /> <br />Longard ~ubing - Sand-fi I led tubes (synthetic material) placed either <br />parallel or at an angle to the streamflow for streambank <br />protection. <br /> <br />Lower bank - That portion of a streambank having a elevation less than <br />the mean water I eve I of the stream. <br /> <br />Ma~~ress - A covering of concrete, wood, stone, or other material used <br />to protect a streambank against erosion, <br /> <br />Meandering s~ream - A single channel waterway having a pattern of <br />successive deviations in alignment and flow direction. <br /> <br />Middle bank - That portion of a streambank having an elevation <br />approximately the same as that of the mean water level of the <br />stream. <br /> <br />Na~ural levee - A low, alluvial ridge adjoining the channel of a <br />stream formed by sediment deposited by floodwaters that have <br />overflowed the channel banks. <br /> <br />Organic mix~ures and mulches - Any of a number of agents (e.g, <br />petrochemicals or vegetative mat~er) used te' stabi I ize a <br />streambank against erosion by providing protection and nutrients <br />whi Ie vegetation becomes establ ished. Thesel agents, which may be <br />in the form of liquids, emulsions, or slurries, are normally <br />appl ied by mechanical broadcasters. <br /> <br />Overbank flow - Water movement over top bank either due to a rising <br />stream stage or to inland surface-water runoff, <br /> <br />Oxbow - The abandoned bow-shaped or horseshoe-shaoed reach of a former <br />meander loop, that is left when the stream cuts a new shorter <br />channel across the narrow neck between two closely approaching <br />bends of the meander. <br /> <br />Pavemen~ - Streambank surface covering, usually impermeable, designed <br />to serve as protection against erosion. Common pavements used on <br />streambanks are concrete, compacted asphalt, and soi I cement. <br /> <br />Peaked stone d.j ke - Rip rap p I aced para I I e I to the toe of a streambank <br />(at the natural angel or repose of the stone) to prevent erosion <br />of the toe and induce sediment deposition behind the dike. <br /> <br />Perennial s~ream - A channel that has continuous flow. <br /> <br />Phrea~ic line - The upper boundary of the seepage' water surface <br />landward of a streambank. <br /> <br />68 <br />