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<br />". <br />Jl , <br />:~, " . <br />j,'." , <br />" <br /> <br />" ". <br /> <br />. , <br />. , <br />", <br /> <br />.' <br />, <br /> <br />1:,' , <br /> <br />"',. <br />'~.,' , <br />'/. ,{' <br />,t, <br />.. , <br /> <br />, . <br />, , <br />,.,. <br /> <br />" <br />,', <br /> <br /> <br />'1t~,: . <br />\~ ' <br />'!\ <br /> <br />.~.:.' ,." <br /> <br />',".,'" <br /> <br />, '. <br /> <br />'. <br />'" <br /> <br />" .. <br />'. . <br /> <br />I;:: <br /> <br />" <br /> <br />" '. <br />. '" <br /> <br />t:,. <br /> <br />'MARr28-2000 TUE 10:48 AM <br /> <br />" ~ I <br /> <br />". <br />" ,I <br /> <br />SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION <br /> <br />. , '. <br /> <br />, . <br /> <br />A data sd of 20 stonn even~.: 'wa. "ocd In ~hio <br />study t.o select design values of the' HEel loss par am- <br />ctora Sl'RTL and CNSTL in order to route the proha- <br />ble maximum flood, PMF, through the Englowood <br />wnterahed, Ohio. The parameter STRTL reprc~ents <br />tho initial volumo or water lost due to abstractions <br />and incomplete saturati<ln of the soil prior to the <br />~torm, The parameter CNSTL represents II coutinu- <br />ous'loss rate and depends on the 'watershed only. <br />Because ' few stonnll' provided uniform precipitation <br />clWeralle ova' till. whele'wato..h.di 0 o"bhMin (Br:\tl- <br />ford) was used to estimate the loss parameters. This <br />,approach waa feasible because the' topography and <br />. the soil coverage of the subbasins were very similar. <br />. Optimization of STRTL and CNSTL- from each storm <br />event 'was conducted 'by:minhuizing the residual. <br />, botween t.he simulated and' observed surface runoff <br />hydrographs. The optimization approach used in this <br />study consisted of performing a'systematic sweep of <br />the parameter space. :which rea~,~bly 8!L~ured that <br />the III0b..l, op,timum w..l9C8ted....~" I: ',; " , <br />: 'STRTLi optima varied betweell.'O.O'and 8,4 Inche. <br />> ~ith an II.v!,ragc or'f.o, inch :and 'a '.tandard error of <br />. 0.18 inch. CNSTL varied betweeD,O,02 and 0.26 <br />, . in~hlbour, and it foljo~iKI"a' ~Ot:l!1al probability distri. <br />bution witll a mean of about 0,1 iuchlhour and a stan. <br />dard error of 0.016 'inchlhour. Because CNSTL is an <br />invariant quantity tb'at',does 'not"depcnd on ~torm <br />events, its variation is' attributed to' stochastic andlor <br />, , sampling errors. .The ab~oDce of, corrclation between <br />,optimum CNSTL val.ues and tot~'rainfall, total loss, <br />and runoff duration supported tho selection of the <br />mean CNSTI. as a design value for PMF routing. <br />, ,The routing of the.PMF through the Englewood <br />watershed revealed that the bydrograph at the outlet <br />is not sensitive to STRTL. However, this wns not the <br />case for the Bradford 'subbasin. 'The insonsitivity of <br />tho PMF to STaTL was due to the presence of a daln <br />Ilt the outlet of the watershed that caused the buildup <br />of water (backwater) in the watershed, 11ler~by mllsk. <br />illg the storago effects of STRTL: However, no (Inm <br />was prasont at the o1.ltlet of the Bradford subbo.in, <br />and storage effects tpefe were, dictated by STI,rr. <br />only. <br />The PMl<' was highly. affected by eNST). varia- <br />tilll1S, 'l'he peak PMl<' increased by about 27 percent <br />whlln the design CNSTL'wlLS decreased tn 0,05 inch/ <br />hour, and t1ccrensed by about' 18 percsllt when the <br />design CNSTLwas increased to O,15'incMlour, <br />I"or ench oftha 20 storms, the surface runorrhydro- <br />graph was scpnrnted' frnm the totnl runoff using <br />n graphical procedure. after assuming that the base~ <br />now recedes at an exponential'rate, The recession <br />. , '.' <br />". <br /> <br />JAWRA <br /> <br />, " <br /> <br />FElX NO. <br /> <br />P. 10 <br /> <br />llf'lur"dC'l <br /> <br />constant, k, wns foulld [0 vary beLween 2,1.5 lIl1 I ,Ill.:; <br />daY5, and to follow a Ilormnl probability di,'tl'iJl\llh'li <br />with n mean vnl".. of 33,1 rlnYR nl1,l " ~1,11I\<l',,',l "I'IW <br />nf 1.6 "\lays. No correlation was found belw",'" \; \"nl- <br />ues and tho corresponding CNSTL v"lueG, Tlti., "\":N- <br />vaLioll alol\g wilh the fact that the dislrihlll.I<'1\ "r k <br />was narrow. indicates that the graphical pract.,lmc is <br />"reliable means for scp",'nl.ing hasellow, <br /> <br />ACKNOWL.l':l>GMEN'fS <br /> <br />The nuthor is growful to hilS Ml'1illt.ars tb('Ril; prlvillor, Ill' PI,'wn <br />liucl1t..t@.lt,oftho tJntvt:I"IJi'ly o(Cjnc.lllnAU, ror vnll1.n.h'j~ tl1'oIl,'f<l\lfl. <br />This work was flllpport.t'd in part.. by t.he Mi~\mi Cnnr:tr"':' I\"'~' ni~. <br />\.riel, Ohio. Hnwev~tl it dnC8110t nc!c("l';~nrily fPnec.l t.hf' ".ic'w,<: nf"t1uo <br />Miami COnliQ'rYanc:y District, t'lnd no offieii'\l cntloTfll"nlf'n l r..h r"lld ~ <br />inferred. <br /> <br />l.I'rElt!ITlJnE CITRD <br /> <br />l~llrd. Y.. 1974. Nonlinct'lt PaTameter EIlt.i1nntlOtl. Arnllrrnll" flre!11 <br />New Yotk, Ne., Veri,. <br />UampfI, U. S'I 1930. Th,,'f(tnltlI.\H'a ftrPIl.lihnr.l.I:l~1ilh~~~m'\ f'l'il'~'" <br />floe TraIJS"etioDIJ, AOU1 20;721~1215. <br />Batu,ll. C., 1988. NonHncmr Dis.crctc Flood J:~vrnl :\l,",'ll'h. <br />Z. !u:lcument or Stnullrlicnl NonlioP'JlIrily. .Jonmall)f J1."ln.lngy <br />99m-89. <br />Bate8, n: C. and L. R. Townl('y, J988. Nonlin{,l'lr Di~;r;r('t" F"lo(lll <br />Ji:v~nt Models, 1. Dl1ycsil)n EstinHltion of fJlu'ump.1tou, .!lI'Jn,:tl of <br />Hydrology !l9:6]-7G. <br />Bouredol. M. C.. ]998. Unl. !lyd,.graph. nori.od fn',o lh" N... <br />MndG'l. J. or Lb.e American WnLcr Ue5Qurccs ^,,,oc:iiltiQn atlS;- <br />177, <br />Fon,tain., T, A.. 1995. Rninral1-Jtunorr Model Acc:ur~C'\' ror aa. <br />~"~111C Flood. J. o(Hj'dTnulie En~in"'''l'inr:, ASCJo: 1?1 ~1{..J7(, <br />Ford, D. 't., E. C. Mnrris, and h. [). FElldmnn, 19aO. Co..,'': Iln~nJli. <br />ftC-erR' Experll'lnec Wit.h Automu\.ie Ci\1ihr"lion llr ,I Prf"dril:\. <br />tion-nullofC Medel. l,t: Wnter anrl ndolr.d L;,",l l:"o,;(;'Ufcl' <br />SystelTls. P(!Tgamozl l't('5S, New York, New York. <br />llaU. A. J.. 1971. BaneOow ItceeAilicl1\:I "nd Dl'l!ll:.nOW lh"~'i"lirl\ph <br />Separation, fJfC'Jbkm. In: lI'ydf('Jln~l>" SympUl;lUlll, In:<(i['IU'l!\ Clf <br />Engin.nen. C:mbp.rrn. AUl\lralia. P)), 159.170. <br />Hayte-r, A. ,I., 1996. Probilbilily nnd St.nth.lie" 1'nT l'~n.~;ld"'n ;\Ild <br />Hei13Jn.i&tll. PWS PubU&hinJ; COn1.pilrIY, New Yotll, 1\',."" '~ofk. <br />p.048, <br />IIoi'tQn, n. F.. !!l:'3. The I{r)l~ of [nnlLrat.i<lR in tIll\: Ir)flrrll".!i... (').:1... <br />Eos 'l'tnnuactiamr. GU li:-f4G-4GO. <br />Kuc1.cra. G.. 1982;'1, ImpTOvl1.rJ InroTC'l"Icc Clr (~~ll.rl1T'" ,.1 MaiM <br />P"ratnaLel'6, IWporL I/HJ82, Ucp.lrLmcnt or Civil b''l'lr:l~cnng, <br />Monash UniV('Tl'ity, C~il)'t()n, Aus~}ji\. <br />I{uc1.crn, G., J082b. 01\ the RclatTnMhlp nc,iwet'n ill.. Hdi,t1'ililYrlf <br />PUllul('tl"r ESt.inlllt,(o$ nn'" Hydrologic Tin-H.' Serif''' 1l:1f \ t 'c,,;~1 in <br />Ci'\Hbrolion. WlltOt" Re5OUl"ct,'S r<l"'l'Ipnrc:h JR: I.i('")-1I1'1. <br />KUC7.Crl'1 0., 1990. ElI,iimOltil)}l nrnunnff-RcluLing Morkl P~'.r;'lnt'l"n <br />tTsil'g Incompnt.iblc 8to1'\'n DilL". Jom'l1al of liydll"ll"I'" J U H. <br />00. <br />Lastlon. L. S., A. n. Wnrrt'n. A. Jain, llntl M. H:i"ltnr-r. I' 1','11, 1~(!!'lb'tl <br />lInG 'l>l'it.ing of a GC1'lcl'31i1.cd H~c1u<:1'!(l Gnu~i('nt {OrJ.I!, fi,l' :-\t1ntin. <br />rar Progl'nmrning. ~rr:ml1iaciion!'. in Ma~h~Jtutti('~l :l(lll\\ :11'(' t 34. <br />60, <br /> <br />212 <br /> <br />JoUI~NAL 01' THE AM~11ICAN WATER rlESOUACI!" M' ... ,,-,,:.. <br /> <br />,-- <br />