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<br />43. Example 4: Composite backwater curves__u_____________________ 75 <br />44. Example 4: Water surface at section L__________________________ 76 <br />45. Example 6: Backwater with scour _ __ __ __ _ __ _ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ - _ -- -- -- 78 <br />46. Examples 7,8, and 9: Bridge backwater under less common conditions 81 <br />47, Example 11: Bridge backwater with supercritical flow______________ 85 <br />A-I. Flow types I, II and IIL_______________________________________ 96 <br />A-2, Backwater coefficient curve for type I flow____ _ ___ __ ______ u__ ____ 97 <br />A-3. Backwater coefficient curve for type II flow __ __ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ __ __ _ _ 100 <br />B-1, Distance to maximum backwater curves showing field data_ _ ______ _ 103 <br />B-2. Curve for determining velocity head coefficient a, showing field <br /> <br />data__________________________________________________----- 104 <br />B-3, Differential level multiplication factor for dual parallel bridges_ _ _ _ 105 <br />&-4, Backwater multiplication factor for dual parallel bridges____________ 106 <br />C-1. Length of spur dikes____u_____________________________________ 110 <br /> <br />TABLES <br /> <br />1. Manning's roughness coefficient for natural stream channels_ _ _ _ _ _ __ 62 <br />2, Example 1: Sample computations_ __ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ _ __ __ _ __ __ _ 67 <br />3, Example 4: Computer sheet for one stage and one bridge length_____ 73 <br />4, Example 4: Summary of computer calculations____________________ 74 <br />5, Example 6: Sample computations-Properties of naturalstream_____ 77 <br />6, Example 11: Computer sheet_ __ __ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _ 84 <br />A-I. Critical flow through bridge constrictions (types II and III flow)- <br />Model data and computations___________ ____ __ __ ____ ____ __ ____ 99 <br />B-1. Summary of field measurements on bridge waterways______________ 101 <br />B-2, Summary of field measurements and computations on bridge back- <br /> <br />water______________________________________________________ 102 <br />B-3, Model computations on dual bridges__ __ __ __ ________ __________ __ _ 107 <br />C-1. Summary of field data and computations on spur dikes_ __ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ III <br /> <br />viii <br />