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<br />Learn-Assess <br /> <br />Some states, notably North Carolina, have adopted <br />policies against new structural shoreline protection <br />projects, opting to allow the shoreline to retreat <br />naturally. Others, such as Connecticut, discourage <br />construction of new structural projects, but do not <br />specifically prohibit them. Still others, such as <br />New Jersey, have active structural protection <br />programs. Some states have empowered localities <br />to establish beach protection districts with the <br />authority to collect taxes to fund long-term <br />maintenance programs. Private landowners also <br />use various techniques to forestall erosion and <br />reduce damages. These measures are necessarily <br />low-cost and small-scale and include vegetation <br />plantings, beach fill, breakwaters, groins, <br />revetments, bulkheads, and seawalls. <br /> <br />Home Leamin2 Center Back <br /> <br />Land Treatment Measures <br /> <br />Land treatment measures reduce overland runoff <br />from agricultural lands to streams or other waters <br />by improving infiltration of rainfall into the soil, <br />slowing and minimizing runoff, and reducing the <br />sedimentation that can clog stream channels or <br />storage reservoirs. These techniques are most <br />commonly used in agricultural areas. They include <br />maintaining trees, shrubbery, and vegetative cover; <br />terracing; slope stabilization; using grass <br />waterways; contour plowing; conservation tillage; <br />and strip farming. Some measures involve building <br />structures to retain or redirect runoff. Several land <br />treatment measures involve little additional cost to <br />the fanner, and some, such as no till or minimum <br />tillage, actually reduce costs. Technical and <br />financial assistance for the more expensive <br />techniques is often provided through public <br />sources, particularly programs of the U.S. <br />Department of Agriculture. Although the impact of <br />an individual measure is limited, extensive land <br />treatment programs can effectively reduce flooding <br /> <br />Page 18 006 <br />