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<br />secure the results of their observation and experience, is an inseparable <br /> <br />part of the procedure, Through the H&H studies, described above, and the <br />topographic studies necessary to outline the floodplain, there is a degree <br /> <br />of uncertainty as to where the limits of flooding would be for any <br /> <br />particular flood event. Some of that uncertainty can be overcome through <br /> <br />use of more detailed data and more precise procedures, Some of the <br /> <br />sources of uncertainty are unavoidable and can only be acknowledged, The <br /> <br />following conditions may be found to affect the limits and extent of <br /> <br />overflow areas and damages: <br /> <br />1) Duration of flooding; <br />2) Filling and scouring of stream channels, outlets, and confluences <br /> <br />during floods, to either increase or decrease channel capacity; <br /> <br />3) Observed or anticipated synchronization of flood peaks from <br /> <br />several tributary areas; <br /> <br />4) Effects of buildings, streets, embankments, other obstacles and <br /> <br />cuts on the course of flood flow; <br /> <br />5) Diversion of flood flows at various stages to other courses or <br /> <br /> <br />channels, and the probability of erratic or unpredictable paths; <br /> <br /> <br />6) Contribution of sediment, debris, ice, and other blockages; <br /> <br /> <br />7) Local aggravating circumstances affecting overflow, such as dams, <br /> <br />inadequate or clogged waterway openings, obstructions in <br /> <br />channels, pervious and impervious embankments, pervious <br />substratum, adequacy of local drainage and sewerage, inadequacy <br /> <br /> <br />of existing levees, and backwater conditions in channels; and, <br /> <br /> <br />6) A major stream or a tributary changing course, and causing the <br /> <br /> <br />flow of the water to take a different path. <br /> <br />V-20 <br />