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<br />e <br /> <br />Energy grade line - An imaginary line representing the total energy of a stream. For <br />open-channel flow, the energy grade line is located a distance of V2f2g above <br />the water surface (V = average velocity and g = acceleration due to gravity). <br /> <br />Ephemeral stream - A stream that flows only during or immediately after periods of <br />rainfall or snowmelt. <br /> <br />Equilibrium - A condition of stream systems in which slope, discharge, channel pattern, <br />channel morphology, and sediment supply are ba1anced. <br /> <br />Erosion - removal of soil particles from the land surface due to water or wind action. <br /> <br />Erosion control matting - Fibrous matting (e.g. jute, paper. etc.) placed or sprayed on a <br />streambank for the purpose of preventing erosion or providing temporary <br />stabilization until vegetation is established. <br /> <br />Fabridam - A dam constructed of fabric and rubber that can be inflated with air or water. <br /> <br />Failure - CoUapse or slippage of a large mass of bank material. <br /> <br />Fence - A streambank protection technique consisting of wire mesh or timber attached <br />to a series of posts, sometimes in double rows; the space between the rows <br />may be fined with rock, brush. or other materials. Fences may be placed <br />either parallel to the bank or extended into the stream; in either case these <br />structmes decreases the stream velocity and encourage sediment deposition <br />as the flow passes through the fence. <br /> <br />Fetch - The distance which waves have traveled in open water. from their point of origin <br />to the point where they break.. <br /> <br />Fetch length - The horizontal distance (in the direction of the wind) over which wind <br />generates waves and wind setup. <br /> <br />Fill material- Soil that is placed at a specified location to bring the ground surface up to <br />a desired elevation. <br /> <br />Filter - Layer of fame, sand, gravel, or graded rock placed, (l' developed natmaIly <br />where suitable in-place materials exist, between the bank revetment and soil <br />for one or more of three pwposes: to prevent the soil from moving through <br />the revebnent by piping, extrusion, or erosion; to prevent the revebnent from <br />sinking inlo the soil; and 10 permit natural seepage from the streambank, thus <br />preventing buildup of excessive hydrostatic pressme. <br /> <br />Fish ladder - A fishway designed to allow fish passage around or over a vertical <br />obstruction. <br /> <br />Fishway - A structme designed to allow fish passage around, over, or through obstacles. <br /> <br />e <br /> <br />Fine particles (or Fines) - Silt and clay particles. <br /> <br />Colorado Erosion Control Manual <br /> <br />XVII <br />