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<br />e <br /> <br />Bulkhead - A vertical or nearly vertical retaining wall or sbucture supporting a natural <br />or artificial streambank. <br /> <br />Bypass channel - A 0000 diversion channel constructed to bypass a reach of natural <br />stream or features of special interest such as wetlands. Bypass channels may <br />be constructed to convey all Oows or 0000 discharges only. <br /> <br />Caving - The collapse of a bank by unden:utting due to wearing away of the toe or an <br />erodible soil layer above the toe. <br /> <br />Cellular-block mattress - Regularly cavitated interconnected concrete blocks or filter <br />placed directly on a streambank to prevent erosion. The cavities can pennit <br />bank drainage and the growth of either volunteer or planted vegetation when <br />filter fabric is not used between the mattress and bank. <br /> <br />Cellular concrete - Precast or C8St-in-place concrete blocks containing large intersticial <br />voids that are filled with soil and planted <br /> <br />Channel - That portion of the river or stream which is characteristically deeper and <br />carries the all the Oow dming nonnal Oow. <br /> <br />Channel width - The distance across a channel measured from one bank to the other at <br />bankfull stage. <br /> <br />Check dam - A low dam constructed of logs. loose rock, or other material to control <br />water Oow and check erosion. <br /> <br />Clay - Material passing No. 200 (0.074 nun) U. S. Standard Sieve. <br /> <br />Clay blanket - Layer of compacted clay placed over cohesionless bank soils to protect <br />them against erosive stream1Iow. <br /> <br />Cobble - Large gravel and stones (64 to 256mm) that have been rounded by abrasive <br />action of Oowing water or waves. <br /> <br />Cohesive soil - Microscopic soil particles that have naturaI resistance to being pulled <br />apart at their point of contact. <br /> <br />Concrete block - Precast concrete material placed on a streambank or filter to prevent <br />erosion. <br /> <br />Confluence - The junction of two or more streams. <br /> <br />Consmction (Oow) - A reduction in channel cross-sectional area that results in greater <br />stream velocities and/or water depth. <br /> <br />Construction reference plane - A datum to which structure elevations are referenced. <br /> <br />e <br /> <br />Control point - A designated point along a traverse line at which elevation, longitude, <br />and Jatiwde are noted. <br /> <br />Colorado Erosion Control Manual <br /> <br />xv <br />