FLOOD06430

• County: Statewide
• Basin: Statewide
• Title: Conduits, Culverts and Pipes
• Date: 3/3/1969
• Prepared By: US Army Corps of Engineers
• Floodplain - Doc Type: Educational/Technical/Reference Information

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EM 1110-Z-2902
Appendix I
3 Mar 1969
k, =
I' =
M =
M, =
N =
N. =
n =
Pb =
Po =
p =
p, =
S
T
t =
V
v
v" =
W, =
W, =
W,
X.
X,
x,
s =
<I>
<I> =
y
p =

defined by a, = k,c, and taken as 0.85 for strengths, fo' up to 4000 psi (for
greater strengths refer to ACI Building Code)
span between points of contraflexure
external bending moment
moment capacity at simultaneous crushing of concrete and yielding of ten-
sion steel = P,eb
load normal to the cross-section
ultimate load normal to the cross-section
ratio of modulus of elasticity of steel to that of concrete
axial load capacity at simultaneous crushing of concrete and yielding of
tension steel
concentrated load in pounds
ratio of area of tension reinforcement to effective area of concrete
horizontal earth pressure per unit area
distance from extreme compression fiber to neutral axis (= kd)
total capacity of tension steel at yield stress
total thickness of conduit wall
total shear at point of contraflexure (see paragraph 5a (2) )
average shearing stress
nominal unit shearing stress at first inclined tension cracking load, at
point of contra flexure
total dead load of earth at top of conduit
vertical load per unit area resulting from concentrated load
dead load of earth per unit area
a parameter used in determining load factors (defined in reference (11))
see X.
distance from center line of assumed beam to plastic centroid
distance from axial load to C, (see fig. 2)
(as used in paragraph 5b (4)) capacity reduction factor
(as used in paragraph 4d) angle of internal friction of the fill material
weight per cubic foot of fill material, pounds
projection ratio ~ ratio of vertical pipe diameter above natural ground to
b, (see paragraph 8b and reference (11))

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