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<br />I <br />I <br />I A, <br />I A,' <br />a <br />ab <br /> b <br />I b, <br />b. <br /> C <br />I C, <br />Co' <br />Cd <br />I C, <br />Cs1 <br /> r <br /> ....)~2 <br />I et-. <br /> D <br />I D, <br />D-load <br />I d <br />d' <br />I d" <br />e <br /> e, <br />I eo <br />F <br />Fp <br /> FS <br />I f, <br />fo' <br /> f, <br />I f, <br />f, <br />H <br /> H, <br />I H, <br />Hh <br /> Hp <br />I ID <br />k <br />I k <br />I <br />I <br /> <br />EM ll1Cl-Z-2902 <br />3 Mar 1969 <br /> <br />APPENDIX I <br />SYMBOLS <br /> <br />- <br /> <br />area of tensile reinforcement <br />area of compressive reinforcement <br />depth of equivalent rectangular stress block <br />depth of equivalent rectangular stress block for balanced conditions <br />width of assumed compression face of flexural member <br />overall width of conduit <br />width of ditch at top of conduit <br />total capacity of section under uniform compression <br />total load on rectangular stress block <br />total capacity of concrete in section under uniform compression <br />load coefficient for ditch conduits (see plate 10) <br />compressive load taken by compression reinforcement <br />load in section under uniform compression taken by reinforcement norm- <br />ally in tension <br />load in section unUe( uniform compression taken by compression reinforce- <br />ment <br />distance extreme -...'(:;~:pression fibet tv neutral axis for balanced c:tJnditions <br />total depth of assllD1ecd beam (total thickness of conduit wall) <br />distance from poir:t ,:of application of load, Po. to center of unit area con- <br />sidered (plate 21 <br />load under three-edge bearing test to produce .01 inch crack, pounds per <br />foot of internal diameter <br />effective depth of beam <br />distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of compression rein- <br />forcement <br />distance from plastic centroid to centroid of tension reinforcement <br />eccentricity of axial load measured from center of section <br />eccentricity of axial load measured from plastic centroid of section <br />eccentricity of axial load measured from extreme compression fiber <br />curved-beam correction factor (see paragraph 5b (3)) <br />load factor for projection condition <br />factor of safety in shear, for box culverts <br />compressive stress in concrete <br />compressive strength of concrete <br />unit stress in reinforcement <br />principal tensile stress <br />yield strength of reinforcement <br />height of fill above point considered <br />height of fill abO\.e top of conduit, pipe, etc. <br />height of fill abo,.e natural ground level <br />height of fill above horizontal diameter of conduit or pipe <br />height of top of conduit above level adjacent foundation (plate 3) <br />inside diameter of pipe <br />(as used on plate 4 and in paragraphs 4d(3)) ratio of lateral earth pres- <br />sure at a point to vertical earth pressure <br />(as used in fig. 1) defined by kd = distance from extreme compression <br />fiber to neutral axis <br /> <br />= <br /> <br />= <br /> <br />= <br /> <br />= <br /> <br />= <br /> <br />= <br /> <br />= <br /> <br />= <br /> <br />= <br /> <br />= <br /> <br />= <br /> <br />= <br /> <br />= <br /> <br />= <br /> <br />= <br /> <br />= <br /> <br />= <br /> <br />= <br /> <br />= <br /> <br />= <br /> <br />= <br /> <br />= <br /> <br />= <br /> <br />= <br /> <br />1-1 <br />