FLOOD06421

• County: Statewide
• Basin: Statewide
• Title: Highways in the River Environment
• Date: 2/1/1990
• Prepared By: Federal Highway Administration
• Floodplain - Doc Type: Educational/Technical/Reference Information

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T ABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) J
Page I
CHAPTER II - OPEN CHANNEL FLOW (Continued)
2.3 Steady Uniform Flow 11-17 I
2.3.1 Shear-Stress and Velocity Distribution 11-19
2.3.7 E-mpirical Velocity Equations ll- 24 I
2.3.3 A verage Boundary Shear Stress 11-29
2.4 Unsteady Flow 11-36
2.4.1 Gravity Waves 11-36 I
2.4.7 Surges 11-38
2.4.3 Hydraulic Jump ll- 39
2.4.4 Roll Waves 11-40 I
2.5 Steady Rapidly Varied Flow 11-43
2.5.1 Introduction 11-43 I
2.5.2 Specific Head Diagram 11-44
2.5.3 Discharge Diagram 11-46
2.6 F low in Bends and 1 ransitions 11-49 I
2.6.1 1 ypes of Bends 11-49
2.6.2 Velocity Distribution in Bends 11-50
2.6.3 Subcritical Flow in Bends 11-53 -
2.6.4 Supercritical Flow In Bends !l-56
2.6.5 1 ransitions in Rapid Flows ll- 59
2.7 Gradually Varied Flow 11-60 I
2.7.1 Introduction 11-60
2.7.2 Classification of Flow Profiles 11-61
2.7.3 Standard Step Method for the Computation 11-64 I
of Water Surface Profiles
2.8 Hydraulics of Bridge Waterways 11-6-' I
2.8.1 Backwater Effects on Waterway Openings 11-67
, 2.8.2 1 ypes of F low in Bridge Openings !l-69
2.8.3 Bridge Backwater Analysis 11-71
2.8.4 Computer Programs for Highway Bridges II-T1 I
2.9 Hydraulics of Culvert Flow ll- 79
7.9.1 1 ailwater Depth Calculation 11-79 I
2.9.2 Performance of Culverts !l-83
2.9.3 Computer Pray rams for the Analysis of Culvert Flows 11-85
2.10 Roadway Overtopping and Low Water Stream Crossings 11-87 I
2.10.1 Roadway Overtopping 1l-S7
7.10.2 Low Water Stream Crossing !l-S9
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