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<br />k, <br />L = <br />Lc <br />L' <br />n <br />n. <br />n2 = <br />Q = <br />Qe <br />Qmax <br />Qt <br />Ql = <br />Q2 <br />QtOO = <br />QSOO = <br />q <br />R = <br />SBR <br />St <br />Sf = <br />So = <br />S, <br />t = <br />T <br />V <br /> = <br />Vrnax <br />VI <br />V2 <br />Vc <br /> <br />LIST OF SYMBOLS (continued) <br /> <br />Grain roughness of the bed, Normally taken as the D84 of the bed material, m <br />Length of pier or abutment, distance between sections, m <br />Length of the waterway, m <br />Length of abutment (embankment) projected normal to flow, m <br />Manning's n <br />Manning's n for upstream main channel <br />Manning's n for contracted section <br />Discharge through the bridge or on the overbank at the bridge, m3/s <br />Flow obstructed by the abutment and approach embankment, m3/s <br />Maximum discharge in the tidal cycle, m3/s <br />Maximum discharge in the inlet, m31s <br />Discharge at any time, t, in the tidal cycle, m3 Is <br />Flow in the upstream main channel transporting sediment, m3/s <br />Flow in the contracted channel, m3/s, Often this is equal to the total discharge unless the total <br />flood flow is reduced by relief bridges or water overtopping the approacb roadway <br />Storm-event baving a probability of OCCUITeI1ce of one every 100 years, m3/s <br />Storm-event baving a probability of occurrence of one every 500 years, m3/s <br />Discharge per unit width, m31s1m <br />Discharge in conveyance tube, m3/s <br />Hydraulic radius <br />Coefficient of resistance <br />Set-back ratio of each abutment <br />Slope of energy grade line of main channel, mlm <br />Slope of the energy grade line, mlm <br />Average bed slope, mlm <br />Specific gravity of bed material. For most bed material this is equal to 2,65 <br />Time from the beginning of total cycle, min <br />Total time for one complete tidal cycle, min <br />Tidal period between successive high or low tides, s <br />Average velocity, mls <br />Characteristic average velocity in the contracted section for estimating a median stone diameter, <br />Dso, mls <br />Qmax/A', or maximum velocity in the inlet, mls <br />Average velocity at upstream main channel, mls <br />Mean velocity of flow directly upstream of the pier, mls <br />A verage velocity in the contracted section, mls <br />Critical velocity, mis, above which the bed material of size D, Dso, etc, and. smaller will be <br />transported <br /> <br />x <br />