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<br />Non Structural <br /> <br />Structural <br /> <br />Flood Plain Management <br />Flood Plain Evacuation <br />Flood Proofing <br /> <br />Levees <br />Channel Modification <br /> <br />, <br /> <br />SCREENING OF ALTERNATIVES <br /> <br />Flood Plain ManaEement. Effective management of a flood plain is entirely <br />dependent on developing enforceable regulations to restrict growth in flood <br />prone areas. Zoning regulations should be developed to permit prudent use and <br />wise development in the flood plain in order to prevent excessive property <br />damage, expenditure of pulic funds, inconvenience, and most important of all, <br />loss of life. In 1968, Congress passed the National Flood Insurance Act. <br />Objectives of the program are to reduce annual flood losses through careful <br />planning and to provide property owners with affordable protection. The <br />program is voluntary and a community can qualify in two separate phases ---the <br />emergency and regular programs. Under the emergency phase, a community's <br />efforts to reduce flood losses are general, in many cases guided only be <br />preliminary flood data. However, the emergency phase does provide a limited <br />amount of insurance to all residents in the flood plain at a base rate. Under <br />the regular phase, the community's flood plain management efforts became more <br />comprehensive after detailed flood hazard studies have been completed. In <br />addition, following the detailed studies, acuarial rates will be applied to <br />properties based on their location in the flood plain. To assure continued <br />availability of insurance to property owners, the citys must adopt and enforce <br />flood plain management measures aimed at reducing future flood losses. This <br />means the operation of an over community program of corrective and preventive <br />measures for reducing flood damages, including (but not limited to) emergency <br />preparednes plans and any measures aimed at the future use of the flood plain. <br /> <br />Flood ProofinE and Flood Plain Evacuation. Flood proofing consists of <br />alterations to buildings and reloation of contents to prevent damages. <br />Buildings in the flood plain can be damaged by seepage of floodwater through <br />walls and foundations, by groundwater pressure on flood slabs and walls, and <br />by backup of water through sewage systems. Flood proofing can be designed <br />into new structures by locating them on earthfills, by elevating buildings, <br />and by locating machinery and lining facilities on upper floors. Existing <br />structures can be flood proofed by controlling seepage through walls and <br />foundations and by closing openings such as doors or windows. <br /> <br />Flood proofing measures do have some drawbacks because they can generate a <br />false sense of security. Applied indiscriminately to buildings that are not <br />designed for the resultant flood loads, flood proofing could cause more damage <br />than would have occurred if the building had not been flood proofed. <br />Nevertheless, flood proofing measures to augument any protection plan, should <br />be incorporated into new constrution and alterations made to existing <br />buildings where feasible. <br /> <br />Evacuation of <br />economically. <br />flood damages <br /> <br />the flood <br />The cost <br />prevented. <br /> <br />plain would be unacceptable both socially and <br />to move flood prone structures exceeds the possible <br />For these reasons non-structural alternatives are <br /> <br />1 Q <br />