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<br />3. Budgeting Stage <br /> <br /> <br />How to objectively but competitively display total <br /> <br /> <br />public benefits of UOFC projects to ensure adequate <br /> <br /> <br />fWlding for UOFC in the annual urban budgeting process. <br /> <br /> <br />How to determine and quantify benefits by incidence on <br /> <br /> <br />different population sectors in order to equitably <br /> <br /> <br />apportion project costs between and within public and <br /> <br /> <br />private entities. The latter are sometimes called ~nt~- <br /> <br /> <br />gltOUp c.ompiVU6oVL "mMe/> [11]. <br /> <br />, <br /> <br />Elements of the Evaluation Problem <br /> <br /> <br />In the economic approach to decisionmaking, the basic problem <br /> <br /> <br />is to select an alternative plan which best meets the goal of a <br /> <br /> <br />particular program. In using economic tools it is important to <br /> <br /> <br />uisplay alternatives in a fashion such that they can be readily <br /> <br /> <br />compared. This is a difficult conceptual and analytical problem, <br /> <br /> <br />Tolley [22] lists six classes of alternatives which are experienced <br /> <br /> <br />in flood control planning. These all represent options for decision- <br /> <br /> <br />makers which should be considered. Table 11-2 gives the classes of <br /> <br /> <br />alternatives presented by Tolley with some illustrations of UOFC <br /> <br /> <br />choices that fit his framework. <br /> <br /> <br />The U. S. Water Resources Council (WRC) recently Wldertook a <br /> <br /> <br />comprehensive study of planning and evaluation procedures for water <br /> <br /> <br />resources projects [9,23]. In preparing this document, they made <br /> <br /> <br />a detailed analysis of evaluation techniques including the use of the <br /> <br /> <br />traditional benefit-cost ratio. The evaluation technique they <br /> <br /> <br />selected does not display benefit-cost ratios but presents the same <br /> <br />21 <br />