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<br />,-- <br /> <br />budgeting stage if it does not: <br /> <br /> <br />1. Satisfy needs of a group of citizens and <br /> <br /> <br />2. Accomplish this in a sufficient manner to warrent <br /> <br /> <br />funding from a limited financial resource base. That <br /> <br /> <br />is to say, the project must win the right to be funded <br /> <br /> <br />in a complex evaluation process. <br /> <br /> <br />In order to gather information needed for this complex evaluation <br /> <br /> <br />process three hierarchies of information are needed: <br /> <br />~ <br /> <br />1. The operational goals and objectives of the UDFC system. <br />(To be distinguished from general, broad .urban goals). <br />e.g., "To provide adequate drainage for minor runoff <br />events (say 2-year frequency) at minimum annual cost." <br />Of course, the selection of such an operational goal <br />should qe subject to a tradeoff analysis after the cost <br />of achieving the goal is known. <br />2. The measures of effectiveness needed to determine the <br />extent to which ,alternative projects meet the above goals. <br />(Costs and Benefits). <br />3. The coefficients and ranking scales needed to arrange <br />the measures of effectiveness into a decision-making order. <br />In the analysis of UDFC projects, several distinct evaluation sub- <br />problems appear. A good systems analysis or planning process will begin <br />with establishment of objectives and measures of effectiveness, move <br />into formulation of alternative solutions, evaluation and tradeoff <br />analysis, and finish with a selection or decision stage. The use of <br />this procedure depends on the stage of planning or implementation, <br /> <br />19 <br />