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. the economic evaluation of drainage and flood control projects and for providing inputs to the political process as well. Urban drainage and flood control structural activities are first classified into the following components according to type of service rendered such as: (1) flood protection, (2) drainage, and (3) environ- mental management. Public benefits and costs associated with each type of service and details of the current state-of-the-art of quantifying these benefits and costs are discussed. Because direct benefits (mostly associated with flood damage reduction) have the longest history of quantification, data is presented for use in estimating these benefits. It was found that the analyst of direct benefits is not currently well understood because data has previously not been widely available. The inclusion of indirect and intangible benefits is discussed and pertinent literature is referenced to aid in the understanding of these benefits so they can be considered in the evaluation process. Follow-on research is planned that will develop a formal methodology for considering these indirect and intangible benefits. An interim methodology for evaluating direct costs and benefits of urban drainage and flood control projects is presented in Chapter III. It is intended that this methodology receive extensive review, leading to substantial improvements in the next phase of the research effort. The problem of incidence of benefits and costs is also considered. Incidence relates to the question of who pays and who benefits. Suggestions are made for including answers to the problem of incidence in the benefit-cost analysis process. Ideally, the result of a benefit- cost analysis should yield total benefits and costs for each population group affected by a project. Net benefits could then be displayed in an . . 13 ...