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<br />I <br />I <br />I <br /> <br />15 <br /> <br />SECTION III <br /> <br />ALTERNATE PLANS <br /> <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br /> <br />The study of reasonable alternate plans for drainage is very important, <br />though time consuming. Without the study of alternates, one cannot say <br />with any degree of assurance, that the ones chosen are the best. <br /> <br />The channel encroachment and deterioration of the maJor drainageways in <br />South Boulder have created a significant drainage problem. Paralleiing <br />the deterioration of the channels has been the encroachment onto the <br />flood plain. This is a typical problem in the entire urbanized area of <br />the Denver Region. <br /> <br />The development of alternate concepts for the drainageways included <br />basic data collection, hydrological studies, field inspections, and <br />the development of various possible alternates which appeared to pro- <br />vide an opportunity for a solution to the long range flood problem <br />in South Boulder. The various alternates were developed utilizing an <br />environmental design team which included the followIng: <br /> <br />Joe Shoemaker, Attorney and State Legislator, Denver <br />Dr. John Sheaffer, Urban Drainage Planner, University <br />of Chicago Center for Urban Studies <br />Kenneth Wright, Consulting Engineer, Denver. <br /> <br />The alternates were reviewed by the environmental design team and a <br />selection was made. These recommendations were presented to officials <br />of the City of Boulder. Two of the significant aspects of the study <br />of the various alternates were that each member of the environmental <br />design team was involved in detailed field inspections of the basins <br />and the team was unanimous in each of the recommendations, <br /> <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br /> <br />It has been pointed out that urban drainage problems consist of two <br />basic types. The first urban drainage problem that One might consider <br />is that of the storm sewer variety. This type of drainage is sometimes <br />called initial drainage, sometimes convenience drainage. The works needed <br />for this type of drainage often consist of planned and designed closed <br />and open conduits and their appurtenances; in other words, the typical <br />storm sewer system. The lack of this initIal system often causes standing <br />water In streets, over-topped sIdewalks, and a messy urban image. It <br />Is particularly troublesome during snowmelt runoff periods when one has <br />water standing for long periods of time. The lack of a good initial <br />drainage system helps cause deterioration of roads and gutters and re- <br />sults In the majority of complaints to the Department of Public Works. <br /> <br />In many of our cities the maJor system often has not been planned or <br />designed and its functioning very often results in flood damage losses. <br />The effectiveness of urban drainage design depends upon a clear picture <br />