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<br /> <br />) <br /> <br />inspected? Are drainage pumps tested and regularly maintained? <br />Do sewer back flow pre venters operate properly or are they <br />blocked open or rusted tight? One of the first planning duties may <br />be to develop and implement service, inspection and testing <br />programs for existing structures and equipment. <br /> <br />Notes <br /> <br />Critical facilities should be inventoried and evaluated. In many <br />communities it will be necessary to wage specific flood fights to <br />protect these sites. Plans to protect vital facilities at all costs may <br />be required. For example, water treatment facilities are usually <br />placed near rivers and may be subject to severe flooding. If <br />flooded, a water treatment plant may take weeks or months to <br />return to service. The loss of potable water will have implications <br />far beyond the flood zone. Other critical facilities that may require <br />specific protection plans include: electric substations and switching <br />yards, waste water treatment plants, hospitals, prisons, and major <br />economic centers. <br /> <br />) <br /> <br />With this and other information in hand, the planning process <br />can begin to expand into other areas. Expected flood crests for <br />various events can be plotted on topographic and other maps and <br />various response options evaluated. The area should be visited and <br />a review made of placements for expedient flood works. Road- <br />ways and bridges should be surveyed for vulnerabilities and weight <br />limits. Access routes for flood fighting equipment should be <br />marked and staging areas identified. <br /> <br />Evacuation routes should be identified using locally accepted <br />traffic patterns. Wherever possible, evacuation routes should be <br />kept separate from roads used to transport incoming resources and <br />supplies. <br /> <br />Borrow areas must be identified. These locations will be used <br />to obtain the clay soils, stone and sand necessary to construct <br />expedient flood works. Temporary access roads may be needed to <br />gain access to these sites. <br /> <br />A big area of concern is the identification of sewer lines, utility <br />conduits and other systems that may allow water to back flow <br />behind existing or expedient flood control works. Plans must be <br />made to seal off these outlets or flood works will become <br />ineffective. <br /> <br />While back flows can be a major problem, drainage systems <br />must still be maintained. Rainwater runoff in sewer systems <br />cannot be allowed to inundate the supposedly protected side of a <br />flood control structure. Large pumps may be needed to relieve <br /> <br />Page3-5 <br />