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----r ~. regulations must meet or exceed minimum NFIP requirements. The 17,000 municipalities currently participating in the NFIP, nationw Floodprone areas are identified on maps provided to communi. Federal Insurance Administration. Referred to as Special Flood Haz these areas represent the extent of inundation which can be expec 100 year flood or base flood. Local regulations must ensure that al substantially improved buildings are protected to the level of the t at the very minimum. For municipalities with Flood Insurance Studies, the identified. is divided into two distinct zones or districts: a floodway and flood' (see figure 1). The floodway is delineated for the purpose of keepil clear of obstructions to allow flood waters to freely discharge do' When f100dways are identified, municipalities must include r, which restrict any new development within floodways which we any increase in flood heights. There is no such restriction to del within the floodway fringe. Development may occur in the flood, provided it complies with applicable elevation or floodproofing reql The Federal Insurance Administration uses special criteria in d floodways. In an attempt to allow for some development in flood, decided to delineate floodways assuming that development may 1 within floodway fringes to an extent that flood heights will bt maxi mum of one fool. Some states have enacted more stringent limits, but, for the most part, the NFIP floodway criteria and deli widely used. The following sections attempt to clarify NFIP floodw tions and the proper procedures and data needed to evaluate de\ proposals. 2.2 General Development Procedures. It is the responsibil builder, developer, or property owner to obtain a local permit beforE ing with any construction or development within an identified flood, The definition of developmellt as defined through the NFIP is as fo WI)' man-made change to improved or wlimproved real eSlaJe. iltc/ud, limited to buildings or other structures. mining, dredging, filling, paving. excavation. drilling operaJiolls or storage of equipmelll or As one of the conditions for obtaining local approval, an appli secure all other necessary federal and state permits which are requil location and type of development being proposed. Many states h, requirements and regulations pertaining to development activit floodway. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and various states I regulations concerning the development of wetlands. While it is tf sibility of the applicant to obtain these and other applicable govl permits, it is incumbent upon communities participating in thE withhold the issuance of a local permit until such time that the provides evidence that all necessary permits have been secured. Cross Section A Flood Fringe Flood Fringe Encroachment Encroachment Plan View Flood Fringe Encroachment Permitted A -L f Flow_ >- ~ ~ " o o u: o .~ Q. " o o u: A Encroachment Permitted Figure 1: Floodway and Floodway Fringe 2. The National Flood Insurance Program 2-1. Overview. The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) was created by Congress through the passage of the National Flood Insurance Act of .1968. The purpose of the NFIP is twofold: 1) to provide the general pub!,c. the opportunity to obtain insurance coverage to cover flood damages to ~uddlngs and their contents and, 2) to reduce future flood damages by requiring th.e local regulation of new development in floodprone areas. The NFIP IS administered by the Federal Insurance Administration (FIA), a division of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). The availability of flood insurance is conting".nt upon a commun~ty's participation in the NFIP. To participate, a community must e~act regulations to control development activities within identified floodplain areas. Local 2