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<br />61 <br /> <br />-:--+ <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />Sl <br /> <br />! <br />, <br /> <br />... <br /> <br />BRACING <br />- <br />~ <br />- <br /> <br />-<-- <br />~ ~,. <br />~ ~~ -~--- <br />9~= ...'" <br />~~.... <br /> <br />Figure 7,5, Knee brace (Reference 7) <br /> <br />.",- <br /> <br />Figure 7.6, Cross bracing with threaded rods, <br />(Reference 7)' <br /> <br />There are two basic methods used to connect post oripile foundations with the framing system of <br />a structure, The platform method involves cutting the wast or pile off at the first floor elevation and <br />having it directly supporting the floor beams. Posts ori piles may also be extended up to the roof. <br />This is known as pole frame construction. An advanta~e of this second method is that by connect- <br />ing the posts at floor and roof level, strength is added '1gainst lateral loads. However, the method is <br />mainly restricted to posts, because it is difficult, and sornetimes impossible, to align piles so they fit <br />well with the framing. <br /> <br />7.2,2,2 Piers <br /> <br />Piers are another type of stilts used to elevate "tlOcitures in flood prone areas. They consist of <br />columns made with brick, concrete, or concrete block, 'all of which must be reinforced. It is strongly <br />recommended that an engineer be consulted for dhsign of piers foundations, Minimum pier <br />requirements are shown in Table 7.2. <br /> <br />The pier footing design will depend greatly on th(j soil bearing capacity. Along with bearing <br />capacity, another consideration is footing depth, whi4h should extend below the frost lOne and <br />below the anticipated scour depth, Certain soils undergo high volume changes. If this kind of soil is <br />present, the design of footings and footing depth is furtiher complicated, It is important, then, to get <br />advice from a professional engineer. Footings, where ~eeded, must always be adequately tied to <br />the column by the reinforcement, as shown in Figu~es 7,7 and 7.8. The figures also show the <br />anchoring (~Iements used to make connections with ithe floor beams. <br /> <br />Table 7,2 - Minimum Pie~ Requirements <br /> <br />__----'___!'ie~..Spaci~~._____.________________u_,__. <br /> <br />Pier <br />Material <br /> <br />~inim"m <br />Pier Size <br /> <br />Minimum <br />Footing Size <br /> <br />RigH.lt, Angle Para!lel to <br />toJ~lnts JOInts <br /> <br />Useful Elevation <br />Range <br /> <br />Brick <br />Concrete <br />Masonry <br />Poured-in <br />Place Concrete <br /> <br />12" x 12" <br />12" x 12" <br />or 8" x 16" <br />Min. .12" dia. <br />or 10" x 10" <br /> <br />24" x 24" x 8" <br /> <br />24" x 24" x 8" <br />20" x 24" x 8" <br /> <br />H' O.C <br /> <br />12' O.c. <br /> <br />la" to 6' <br /> <br />8' 0.(, <br /> <br />12' o.c. <br /> <br />la" to 8' <br /> <br />20" x 20" x 8" <br /> <br />18" to 12'+ <br />