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<br />53 <br /> <br />--{- <br /> <br />Q, <br /> <br />o=ra <br /> <br />ie, <br /> <br />~ <br />[ <br /> <br />.1 <br />l=ra <br /> <br />SQUARE <br /> <br />SQUARE-NOSE WALL <br /> <br />b. <br /> <br />o=ra <br /> <br />d, <br /> <br />b d-=ra <br /> <br />CYLINDER <br /> <br />GROUP OF CYLINDERS <br /> <br />Figure 6,8, Typical pier shapes associ~ted with elevated structures, <br /> <br />The scour at square and circular piers and squa"~ nosed walls parallel to the flow is <br />calculated by <br /> <br />5 = d [ 2.2 (Q) 0.65 <br />d <br /> <br />V1 <br />-) <br />vga <br /> <br />0.43] <br /> <br />Another concern for walls is the angle or skew to tre direction of flow, The estimated depth <br />of scour should be increased by a factor given in Ta,ble 6,5 based on the angle of skew B <br />(Figure 6.9), <br /> <br />! \"'j"," <br />I \' <br />I >''\ <br />I-fi · <br />I <br /> <br />OF FLOW <br /> <br />Figure 6,9, Determination of angle of skew attack. <br />