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I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I TABLE VI-3 ANNUAL OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE COSTS (Dollars per linear foot of channel) Grass-Lined Channels Item Tractor Mowing Handcutt ing Weed Control Seeding/Mulching Debris Removal Design 1,000 cfs $ 2.02 0.30 0.15 0.23 0.30 $ 3.00 TOTAL 0 & M COSTS Rock-Lined Channels Item Selective Rock Replacement Debris Removal Design 1,000 cfs $ 1. 20 0.30 $ 1. 50 TOTAL 0 & M COSTS Structural-Walled Channels Item Minor Concrete Selective Rock Debris Removal Repairs Repl acement TOTAL 0 & M COSTS Natural Floodplain Item Seed i ng Debris Removal Design 1,000 cfs $ 0.70 2.30 $ 3.00 TOTAL 0 & M COSTS VI-3 FLOODPLAIN PRESERVATION AND MANAGEMENT Flow 10 ,000 cfs $ 2.38 0.34 0.18 0.26 0.34 $ 3.50 Response to flooding in the United States has undergone three distinct phases of evolution, (Pl att, 1980). Stage I: The Structural Era: 1928-1960, took the fonn of 1 arge scale engineering structures to control flood waters: diJ11s, levees, channel modifications, and shore protection \'o\Jrks. By the mid-1960's the federal government had spent about $10 billion on 900 projects nationally (U.S. Water Resources Council, 1968, 5-2-2). Despite these struc- tural measures flood losses have continued at about $1 billion per year. Flow 10,000 cfs $ 2.66 0.34 $ 3.00 The Second Stage: Unified Floodplain Management, 1966 - 1978, was first articulated in 1945 when Dr. Gilbert White prepared his paper entitled Human Adjustments to Floods: A Geographical Approach to Flood Problems in the United States. In 1966, the Task Force on Federal Flood Control Pol icy, chaired by Dr. White, issued "A Unified National ProgriJ11 for Managing Flood Losses". The 1974 Water Resource Developnent Act, Section 73, placed nonstructural alternatives on par with structural approaches. Flow 10,000 cfs $ 1.79 0.87 0.34 $ 3.00 The Third Stage: Post Flood Hazard Mitigation, began in 1978, and is con- cerned with the need for post-flood mitigation of hazards to prevent repeti- tive losses. This approach involves redirection of federal post-disaster rel ief to the task of helping flood victims relocate out of harm's way rather than restore the pre-flood status quo ante. Flow 10,000 cfs $ 0.82 2.68 $ 3.50 Nonstructural floodpl ain management seeks to mitigate the effects of a flood event rather than altering the flood event. Land use management is the key- stone of nonstructural floodplain management. Land use management describes pol icies for prudent and productive use of publ ic and private flood hazard areas, and involves actions at the local, regional, state and federal levels of government. Note: Total Drainage and Cl ear Creek. channel. Annual 0 & M is based upon figures obtained from the Urhan Flood Control District, and modified to fit the larger flows on The costs assune the channels are constructed with a low flow Fl oOdpl ain management incl udes all measures for pl ann ing and act ions wh ich are needed to detennine, implement, revise and update comprehensive plans for the wise use of floodplain lands and their related water resources.