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<br />TABLE 8 <br /> <br />Runoff in the Tunnel <br />Stockholm, March 1969 <br />(Soderlund, Lehtinen and Finberg, 1970) <br /> <br />, <br /> <br />Parameter <br /> <br />Concentration Range (mg/~) <br /> <br />BODS <br />Total Solids <br />Total N <br />Total P <br />Cl- <br />pH <br />oil <br /> <br />S - 90 <br />4S0 - 1000 <br />0.3 - 2.4 <br />0.01- 0.07 <br />2S - 4S0 <br />6.S - 9.0 <br />Trace - 12 <br /> <br />Samples had also been collected from the highway, terrace houses, <br /> <br />and residential blocks, and it was found that traffic routes gave <br /> <br />a high degree of contamination as compared with the other test <br /> <br />areas. <br /> <br />A study was conducted in Ottawa, Canada, on lead contamina- <br /> <br />tion of snow. It was found that snow from snowdumps and major <br /> <br />highways had the largest concentrations of lead, ranging from <br /> <br />0.02 to SO.O mg/~ for snowdumps, and 86.0 to 113.0 mg/~ for <br /> <br />highways. The levels of lead in snow along city roads were <br /> <br />found to be roughly proportional to traffic volumes. Up to lS <br /> <br />mg/~ of lead was reported for industrial streets, while commercial <br /> <br />and residential streets were only slightly lower (LaBarre, Milne, <br /> <br />and Oliver, 1973). <br /> <br />Further studies in Ottawa have indicated the existence of <br /> <br />extremely high chloride concentrations in snowmelt runoff. Table <br /> <br />9 shows the distribution of chloride in snow and snowmelt as a <br /> <br />lS' <br />