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<br />I <br /> <br />I <br />Ie <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />Ie <br />I <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />I. <br />I <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />.,~ . ~,=". ~*,-,,,,.",,,,,,,,,,,.,-,., <br /> <br />is generally present. The FIA currently does not have built into the <br /> <br />rate structure any means for imposing surcharges for structures located <br /> <br />in riverine areas where flood velocities will be excessive. <br /> <br />Duration of Inundation <br /> <br />Submerging some items under water for a long period of time increases <br /> <br />damages. Continuous high water can prevent repairs from being accomplished <br /> <br />and give water more time to damage some structural material, furniture, <br /> <br />equipment, inventories, etc. On some of the larger rivers in the United <br /> <br />States, high stages can occur for periods of weeks or even months. In a <br /> <br />flood study done for Wheeling, West Virginia an A & E added 8% to direct <br /> <br />damages to account for the added damages resulting from sediment deposition. <br /> <br />With smaller drainage areas, stages on streams in <br /> <br />the Denver region are not high for more than a few hours or a few days. <br /> <br />Thus, duration is not a significant factor in the Denver region with regard <br /> <br />to flood damages. <br /> <br />Length of Warning <br /> <br />Damages are directly related to the time one has to prepare for impend- <br /> <br />ing flooding. Early warning will enable occupants of residential and bus i- <br /> <br />ness properties to reduce their damages, if they hear the warning, believe <br /> <br />it, and conduct activities to make damageable property either harder for <br /> <br />floodwaters to reach or harder to destroy, Advanced warning will enable <br /> <br />valuables to be moved out of the flood plain in some cases, From a 1955 <br /> <br />study (Hoyt, et al, 1955) the following was stated: "Innnovable goods can <br /> <br />be protected so as to make them less liable to damage from water and silt. <br /> <br />22 <br /> <br />'" 'P'- ~,~,.- ,..,~~ ;"~'''' <br /> <br />"" '~'.-''';'>''''''~ .,,- .<,~.,~r::' <br /> <br />-.:n"III <br /> <br />~..,... ~ -."'. <br /> <br />~V"~'" ~~_. ~~"'" _~ ".~ <br />