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<br />affecting a small population may have brief, simple emergency plans with due <br />considerations given to the need for redundant features if only a short <br />warning time is available. Dams affecting large populations may require more <br />elaborate plans. Therefore, flexibility is provided for individual decisions <br />regarding format and other decisions. <br /> <br />Emergency action plans must be very specific for the following reasons: <br /> <br />o Emergency action plans are subject to testing, but not under conditions <br />approaching those likely to prevail in the event they must be put to <br />actual use. The only way to assure their workability is through <br />careful consideration of each important detail. <br /> <br />o Plans are expected to be activated only under hurried and stressful <br />conditions. Consequently, plans which are vague or which require <br />significant interpretation to decide appropriate action may lead to <br />serious adverse consequences. <br /> <br />o Plans contain some portions which are made up largely of <br />interorganizational arrangements subject to a number of complex legal, <br />institutional, sociological, and other influences. Coordination <br />efforts must be well planned and agreed on. <br /> <br />Plans which identify only what is to be done conceptually under various <br />circumstances are inadequate. Plans must identify emergency situations that <br />require action, designate prescribed actions and who is responsible for taking <br />those actions, identify sources of equipment, material and labor to accomplish <br />the prescribed actions, and other similar details. <br /> <br />The word "dam" as used in this basic outline should also be interpreted <br />to include "a system of dams" in those situations where more than one dam <br />affects a common area. <br /> <br />In the event that a plan for emergencies already exists for the affected <br />area, particularly for flood related emergencies, it may be appropriate for <br />the EAP, addressing those items specific to the dam emergency, to be added as <br />an annex or addendum to the existing plan. <br /> <br />F. Mechanisms to Ensure Effective Plan~. Emergency action plans are <br />dynamic and require constant attention to changes and updating. They also <br />require participation by individuals fully knowledgeable about the plan and <br />its implementation. The following paragraphs describe how this is <br />accomplished. <br /> <br />1. Identification of Emergency. Procedures and means for assuring <br />timely and reliable identification and evaluation of existing or potential <br />emergencies are a primary concern. Major elements of these procedures are: <br /> <br />o Listing of the conditions or events which could lead to or <br />indicate an existing or potential emergency. Include situations involving <br />flood emergencies due to a breach as well as a major flood without a breach. <br />Breach conditions could occur as a result of piping, floods, earthquake or <br />sabotage; <br /> <br />6 <br />