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Chapter S Design. Techniques for Flood Damage Reduction The pre-design analysis outlined in the previous chapter enables the designer to incorporate data on flood-related restrictions and opportunities into the client's basic pro- gram of the needs and requirements that the design must meet At this point the focus shifts to generating design al- ternatives and, ultimately, to detailed design decisions. type of Project The type of design project has a direct bearing on flood damage mitigation strategies. The variations most relevant to flooding include multiple versus single buildings, new versus existing buildings, and building use. Multiple Buildings The complexity of siting decisions is affected by whether a project involves a single building or multiple buildings With a single building it is a matter of siting the building on that part of the site least likely to suffer flooding. With multiple buildings, site use can vary from clustering all buildings on one part of the site to dispersing the buildings throughout the site but locating each of them above base flood elevations. New or Existing Buildings New construction offers wide latitude in making site decisions and in deciding on the use of flood-related design techniques. O:Jnversely, projects involving expan"iion, improvement, preservat~on or rehahilitation of eXl"iting buildings require special con- sideration of design alternatives. Site choice is predeter- ? ., , . '1 ~ j;; .\ ~. i. ' '~.*~ \,' ',*, '" PAR,G Photo Gordon H. Schenck, Jr. Flooding can affect all types of development. It can damage either nezD or exL'ting buildings, and L, a relevant design factor for industrial, commercial, and residential uses. In some projects flooding must be considered in rela- tion to mulllple building'~ while others may involve only a single building. 53