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<br />River training sbucture - Any configuration consbucted in a stream or placed on, <br />adjacent to, or in the vicinity of a streambank that is intended to deflect <br />currents, induce sediment deposition, induce scour, or in some other way <br />alter the flow and sediment regimes of the stream. <br /> <br />Riverine :vone - The region immediately adjoining a river. <br /> <br />Rock-and-wire maltress - A flat or cylindrical wire cage or basket filled with stone or <br />other suitable material placed on a streambank or filter as protection against <br />erosion. <br /> <br />Rooted - Expression indicating that a bank has been excavated and the end of a sbucture <br />(check dam, dike, etc.) has been placed in the cavity, thus retarding future <br />streamflow around the end of the sbucture (flanking). <br /> <br />Rubble - Rough, irregular fragments of random size placed on a streambank to retard <br />erosion. The fragments may consist of broken concrete slabs, masonry, or <br />other suitable refuse. <br /> <br />Salmonid . Collective term referring to salmon, trout, grayling, or white fish, all of <br />which prefer coldwater environments. <br /> <br />Sand - Soil material that can pass the No.4 (4.76 mm) U. S. Standard Sieve and be <br />retained on the No. 200 (0.075 mm) sieve. <br /> <br />Scour - Blink erosion due to flowing water; usually considered as being localized as <br />opposed to general bed degradation. <br /> <br />Secondary currents - The lateral or cross-channel component of streamflow. <br /> <br />Sediment load - The sediment carried through a channel by streamflow. <br /> <br />Sediment ;field - The total sediment outflow from a drainage basin during a specific <br />period of time. The outflow includes bed load as well as suspended load, and <br />usually is expressed in tenns of weight or volume per unit time. <br /> <br />Seepage - The slow movement of water through small cracks and pores of the bank <br />material. <br /> <br />Selective c:learing and snagging - A modified version of clearing and snagging that <br />limits the types and amount of snags and vegetation removed and uses <br />consbuction methods that create minimal disturbance. <br /> <br />Sill - A structure built across the bed of a stream to prevent scour or head-cutting; see <br />also grade-control sbucture. <br /> <br />Silt - Material passing No. 200 (0.074 mm) U. S. Standard Sieve. <br /> <br />Sinuosity - A measure of meandering calculated as a ratio of stream length to valley <br />length. <br /> <br />XXII <br /> <br />Colorado Erosion Control Manual <br />