FLOOD02274

• County: Statewide
• Basin: Statewide
• Title: Hurricane Opal in Florida A Building Performance Assessment
• Date: 8/30/1996
• Prepared For: Florida
• Prepared By: FEMA
• Floodplain - Doc Type: Floodplain Report/Masterplan

3.2 Permitting, Plan Review, and Inspection .................................................................. 3-3

3.3 Construction Materials ............................................................................................. 3-3

3.4 Repair and Retrofit of Damaged Structures ............................................................. 3-4

3.5 New Construction and Substantial Improvements ................................................... 3-4

3.5.1 Pile, Post, Column, and Pier Foundations ..................................................... 3-4

3.5.2 Slabs and Grade Beams ................................................................................. 3-5

3.5.3 Framing Systems .......................................................................................... 3-12

3.5.4 Connections ...... ................. .................. ......... ............... .......... ........ .............. 3-12

3.5.5 Bracing .......... ..... .................. ........... ................ ......... .................. .................. 3-12

3.5.6 Breakaway Construction, Free--Of-Obstruction, and Enclosure
Requirements Under the NFIP ................................................................... 3-12

3.5.7 Stairs, Decks, and Porches ........................................................................... 3-13

3.5.8 Utilities ................... .............. ......................... ............................. .......... ........ 3-13

3.5.9 Seawalls and Erosion Control Structures..................................................... 3-13

4 REFERENCES........................... .................................... .................... 4-1

APPENDIX - BUILDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT TEAM MEMBERS

FIGURES
Figure 1-1

Figure 2-1

Figure 2-2

Figure 2-3

Figure 2-4

Figure 2-5

Figure 2--6

Figure 2-7

Figure 2-8

F10rida counties included in the Hunicane Opal Federal disaster

declaration. .... ............ ................ .................. ......... ................. .................... 1-2

Debris washed inland as a result of surge action from Hurricane
Opal (note circled boats). ..........................................................................2-2

Beach erosion caused major damage to structures, as well as

roads and utilities. ...................................................................................... 2-2

Beach erosion eliminated protection for structures. It is important
that the beach and dunes be rebuilt as soon as possible. ........................... 2-4

Erosion such as this took place along the gulf coast, causing
structures to be undermined and resulting in damage. ............................ 2-4

Debris, consisting of broken concrete and wood framing systems,
generated by surge action. ......................................................................... 2-5

Undermining of concrete decks and floor slabs caused the failure
of many unreinforced concrete structures. ................................................ 2-5

These piles were not embedded deep enough to survive the

erosion of the sand. . .................................................................................. 2-6

These piles were not long enough and were spliced to add

depth. ... ................. ................ .................. ......................... ......... ......... ........ 2-7

IV

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