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<br /> <br />, <br /> <br />J <br /> <br />Vertical Division <br /> <br />practicality. The resources available <br />to each level of government and to <br />private property owners are greatly <br />diff erent. Private property owners and <br />local governments, for instance, <br />usually cannot finance projects and <br />programs of the size undertaken <br />routinely by the federal government. <br />Likewise, the greater scope of the <br />federal government's activities enables <br />developing and maintaining various <br />types of technical expertise not <br />usually affordable to individuals, <br />local governments and, in many <br />instances, state governments. On the <br />other hand, day-to-day decisions on <br />managing a communi ty' s floodplain <br />resources can only be made at the local <br />level. <br /> <br />The separation of responsibili- <br />ties between governmental levels and <br />landowners results in part from the <br />separation of powers and rights spelled <br />out in the federal and state constitu- <br />tions, supplemented by two centuries of <br />legislation and court decisions. This <br />framework provides for and limits the <br />means for which taxes can be raised and <br />spent, guarantees the rights of private <br />property owners, and distributes powers <br />among governmental levels. As a result, <br />no property owner or single level of <br />government has all the authorities <br />necessary for carrying out a comprehen- <br />si ve program of floodplain management. <br />For example, the federal government <br />lacks authority for regulating non- <br />federal land use, a vital part of most <br />floodplain management programs. <br /> <br />The vertical division of <br />responsibility and authority usually <br />requires that all levels of government <br />and affected property owners cooperate <br />in floodplain management. <br /> <br />A <br />division <br /> <br />second basis of the <br />of responsibility is <br /> <br />vertical <br />one of <br /> <br />Construction <br />Agencies <br /> <br />Private <br />Land <br />Owners <br /> <br />Regulatory Agencies <br /> <br /> <br />Recreationists <br /> <br />Water <br />Supply <br />Agencies <br /> <br />Land Developers <br /> <br />Environmentalists <br /> <br />Comprehensive <br />Planning <br />Agencies <br /> <br />Many parties have an interest favoring one or another approach <br />management. Decisionmaking must consider the respective merits <br />each viewpoint. <br /> <br />to floodplain <br />and costs of <br /> <br />2~ <br />