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<br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br /> <br />5. Cutoff trenches and toe drains are included to increase dam <br />embankment stability. <br />6. Faces of the dams are sodded to reduce rainfall erosion and to <br />improve their appearance. <br /> <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br /> <br />Drop Structures and Energy Dissipators <br /> <br /> <br />Drop structures are used to reduce flow velocities in natural and <br /> <br /> <br />grass-lined channels. The drop structures lower the water surface <br /> <br /> <br />and dissipate its energy to reduce channel erosion that would other- <br /> <br /> <br />wise occur. Emergency spillways and the lower ends of culverts having <br /> <br /> <br />high exit velocities are provided with energy dissipating structures <br /> <br /> <br />and downstream channel riprap. <br /> <br />Bridges <br /> <br />Bridges are designed to pass the lOO-year flood flow with the six <br />flood detention dams in operation. <br /> <br />Culverts <br /> <br />Culverts are designed in accordance with U.S. Department of Commerce, <br /> <br /> <br />Bureau of Public Roads Hydraulic Engineering Circulars Nos. 5 and 10. <br /> <br /> <br />Corrugated steel pipe, reinforced concrete pipe, or reinforced con- <br /> <br /> <br />crete box culverts are used as shown on the preliminary plans, depend- <br /> <br /> <br />ing on local conditions. Energy dissipators are used at culvert out- <br /> <br /> <br />lets where exit flow velocities exceed allowable downstream channel <br /> <br /> <br />velocities in order to minimize erosion. <br /> <br />Highline Canal and City Ditch <br /> <br />The Highline Canal crosses Little Dry Creek, Greenwood Gulch, Black- <br /> <br /> <br />mer Gulch and Quincy Gulch as shown on Chart 2, page ll. The ex- <br /> <br /> <br />isting Highline Canal crossing of Little Dry Creek is adequate to pass <br /> <br /> <br />lOO-year flood flows. The City Ditch crossing of Little Dry Creek is also <br /> <br /> <br />adequate to pass lOO-year flood flows. It is proposed to carry City <br /> <br /> <br />Ditch across Greenwood Gulch when it is channelized in a new flume. <br /> <br />-53- <br />