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<br />26 <br /> <br />nor...l for natural stream systems, their spacial and t,emporal temperature <br />patterns appeared highly structured and reasonably predictable (Vannote and <br />Sweeney 1980). <br /> <br />o.....cr -.. -..-......l.el <br /> <br /> <br />-1---"'IIMI"~~rlC~rorlMcOll~H.h1U",*,.sc.ltllil... <br />c.... 1915~ <br /> <br />1 <br />i <br />1 <br />i <br />a <br /> <br />Q <br />/j'~ <br />1';:..---':........ <br />//.~ -. <br /> <br />".., <br />-. <br />MU <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />.... <br />.... <br /> <br />-'--J._ <br />J , III .. '" J J .. so,. c <br /> <br />-DiICnboIIiDIo., _Illblr ....-41, ~_ulltim, u ~anoou r-.kn&__. <br />......... 0., ern' T.... dIIp<<.,s Il<C .ht 1UI1l..... "'. of '_Ull, ~I fat ~~ <br />...... ..,_....of".......Mr... ~_ '.......occ":C.IIlNOf.r 1flr'..broeLo.D. <br />-=-If order IU_: E, IIWd ... ..... 1"fIWW.1II .......'J; F, tlwd onIu w.... <br />....... KFl'M1. <br /> <br />ii;~ _~ . <br />J ~l~~~ <br />I 1 3 . 5 6 I . , 10 \I 11 <br />S"..... 00000. <br /> <br />-u.u.- ............. ;'11.,,1""_.' r-'_ul stre_..... "'lC'~r. <br />_......"-rica. o.._e-~W"'~rc.-..............~ <br />.... tI_ U..-a SaMn ~ s..-,.r tU.S.O.S.). <br /> <br />Figure 16 <br />By pcrr.t..1oo fr~: R. L. Vannote at1d 8. W. Swuney. 1980. Geographic <br />analysh af thenaa! equilibria: a cOr1ceptual model for evaluating I:he <br />affact of natuul and lkldtfhd the~l reglmu on aquatic: l~.ct <br />c:olDUnltie.: The Aaerlcan N.tunlh~. 115(5): 667-694, The Unlverltity <br />of Chlc..o. <br /> <br />Freezing and Ice <br /> <br />Surface Ice <br /> <br />Fluctuations in stream water temperatures tend to 'Jccur gradually, <br />seasonally, and diurnal extremes are small ill comparison to the more <br />variable and rapid changes that occur in air temperatur,as. In the northern <br />and southern regions of the world. tlle ice-012 or winter season begins with <br />th. formation of ice. W1thprolonaed low ailr temper.tun the turbulent <br />flow within .tr.... resulu 10 a .ore or leu compl.te llnd continuous <br />