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<br />25 <br /> <br />" <br /> <br />Deflections in the isopleths or contour l1t,es are apparent in the vicinity <br />of the Appalachian Mountains caused by the relatively lower air <br />temperatures at the higher altitudes and the western part of the c:ountry <br />due to high altitude and the rugged topography. In the Rocky Mountains of <br />Colorado and Wyoming, shallow ground waters may have temperatures as low as <br />5.6 C (42 F) in contrast to temperatures some 12.3 (10 F) higher tn <br />adjacent lowlands and valleys. <br /> <br /> <br />.t~ <br />.,' <br /> <br />.- <br /> <br />-~ <br />. , <br />-"... . <br /> <br />I . <br />j- <br /> <br />"'IIltn!~Temperature <br />DtCir'oundWater <br /> <br />.._-'.....Il. <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />c ' <br /> <br />'. <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />" <br /> <br />,_............0......,..._." <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />-~~ :JI ' <br />11 ~_______ r <br />-, '\ . <br />'t ~'\ <br />~- <br /> <br />1L <br /> <br />.......oe_. <br />"s..s ......_.........,uo, <br /> <br />- ---- - - <br />..'""'-"-~-- <br /> <br />--"--"'" <br /> <br />FIlUre 15. Avera.e t-.perature of ground vater tor the contl'nsluaus Unite!! Stl~U.. <br />By pera1..1on frem: D. W. Miller. J. J. GeullhtYr and R. S. (:e,111nll. 1963. Vu:er Atl.. of the <br />United State.. I..ie Facta .bout the Nation'. Water Resource.. Water Infor.nj~on ClInt.r. IDC. <br />Port W..h1naton, L.X. N.Y. <br /> <br />Vannote and Sweeney (1980) related strE!am temperature regime to stream <br />order for White Clay Creek, Pennsylvania. Total degree, days (( o.C) <br />accumulated annually remained relatively constant (ca. 4,270), whereas the <br />seasonal variance in the thermal regime increased with stream ordel: (Figure <br />16). Daily variation increased with stream order up to' medium size (orders <br />4-5), but showed a decrease in larger reachE'S due to the combined E!ffect of <br />the larger volume and high specific heat of water (Figu.re 16). <br /> <br />The relationship between stream order and water temperature at a given <br />altitude changed with latitude. A fourth oI'der stream at 39" N latitude <br />may display a silll1lar temperature regime to Ii fifth order stream at 50. N <br />or a second order stream at 30. N. Although temperature fluctuations are <br />