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data on repetitive loss structures, including the risk and reason for flooding of each structure, There are several ways to do this, For example, localities could be required to identifY the number and risk of structures within their jurisdictions as part of a local mitigation plan done under the Flood Mitigation Assistance Program or the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program, . Adequate funding should be provided for initiatives that support all aspects of floodplain management, including data collection, forecasting, geographic information systems, mapping, scientific research, and analysis, . A critical network of national stream gages must be specified and federally funded. The information from these gages, along with associated data, is baseline information that should be collected and maintained by the federal government, because the whole nation uses it for warnings and risk identification and all taxpayers benefit. . Flood hazard maps should be developed that depict all related hazards, for example, the failure zones of all dams, levees, and floodwalls, Not only is this identification important for notification and warning purposes, but also development in these zones should have added flood protection, and flood insurance should be mandatory, with rates based on the residual risk · Flood maps should be based on future-conditions hydrology except in areas where no increase in post-development runoff is allowed. This will reduce the cost of remapping, minimize future damage, and improve sustainability. . The Technical Mapping Advisory Council should continue to provide guidance on implementing the Mapping Modernization Plan of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, Consideration should be given to basing flood maps on future-conditions hydrology; developing a process to map developing areas quickly; requiring developers to perform the necessary engineering studies for large developments; and identifYing other hazard areas on the flood maps, . Fill should be treated like any other engineered foundation, so Letters of Map Revision should not be issued based solely on fill, which often results in structures on "islands" that are inaccessible during flooding, When there is a need to waive flood insurance, the Federal Emergency Management Agency should issue a letter of flood insurance waiver based on the structure's being above the 1% chance flood elevation, but not remove the entire property from the mapped floodplain, . Developers sometimes seek to go beyond waiving flood insurance and remove the "floodplain" designation from a property, and then develop that property with basements or in other ways that would not be possible on floodplain lands. Removing the designation of "floodplain" from a property on an accurate floodplain map should be contingent on (1) waiving future flood disaster assistance for I % chance or smaller floods, and (2) requiring waivers to be recorded on the property deed. Association of State Floodplain Managers -vi- National Flood Programs in Review 2000