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<br />I <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />warmer than the maximum at the top of the pass. The near mountain <br /> <br />top exposure gives the nearest relationship to the measurements of the <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />ambient air which is moving generally from west to east above the <br /> <br />mountain barrier. <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />o <br />Water content in vapor form in saturated air at 30 F. can only be one- <br />o <br />sixth as great as in saturated air at 80 F. Such cooler air directly <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />limits the quantity of moisture which can be contained in summer thunder- <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />storms above high mountainous plateaus. The vertical dimension of the <br /> <br />thunderstorms is also limited and many times small hail pellets are a <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />major product of the more intense thunderstorms during the months of <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />July and August. The collection of such hail pellets on the ground <br /> <br />forces a notable delay L~ any melting and subsequent runoff. <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />'l'here is also an important time limit for mountain-type thunderstorms <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />to remain above relatively small watersheds. The typical dia'lleter of <br /> <br />high mountain thunderstorms is less than four miles. The upper portion <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />of these high mountain thunderstorms is almost always affected b-j west <br /> <br />to east flow of the surrounding air mass when they occur. Probably t~e <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />most frequent quadrant of direction of flow is from southwest toward <br /> <br />northeast. <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />The formation of the initial convective cell takes place over highest <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />terrain. Air moves upslope iran both sides of the mountain barriers, <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />such as the Gore Pange. Whc,n the convective cell grows in size and <br /> <br />approaches thunderstorm dimension there already would have been some <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />motion toward the east or northeast. Most of any resultant precipita- <br /> <br />tion will fall from such a storm toward the east or northeast <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />-11- <br />