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<br />IV. Summary Of Hydroloaic Criteria <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />The following criteria are typically accepted hydrologic standards used in ~valuation and <br />design of whitewater courses that are used for competition: <br /> <br />. Course must contain s_ufficient flow to be navigable for its entire length. <br />. The course must consist of natural and/or artificial obstacles to create <br />whitewater features for the minimum flow rate intended for the RICD reach. <br />. The site must be able to support a competition "without annoyance or <br />inconvenience to the competitors." <br /> <br />Artificial "pumped" courses take their cue from the gravity flow courses, tuning their <br />flow and drop to provide a reasonable recreation experience with strong consideration <br />for pumping costs. Artificial courses therefore may be the most accurate measure of a <br />reasonable experience, because the boating public must pay to participate. Presumably, <br />if the recreation experience at an artificial "pay for" course waS unacceptable, then <br />attendance would decrease to non-profitable levels. The following table provides <br />examples of existing artificial "pumped" courses with their design flow rates. <br /> <br />Flow Rates for Artificial "Pumped" Circulation Courses <br />Low flow (cfs) High flow (cf~ <br />200 600 <br /> <br />210 500 <br /> <br />250 470 <br /> <br />Dickerson, MD <br /> <br />La Seu d'Urgell, Spain* <br />Penrith Lakes, Australia <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />Flow Rates for Other Courses Worldwide <br />Low flow (cf~ Hiqh flow (cfs) <br />Unknown 500 <br /> <br />50 500 <br /> <br />300 800 <br /> <br />350 490 <br /> <br />180 1000 <br /> <br />East Race, South Bend, USA <br />Confluence Park, USA <br />Mississippi Whitewater Park <br />Augsburg, Germany <br />Holme Pierrpont, UK <br /> <br />* No1e: This course hosted the 1992 Summer Olympics, the 1993, 1994, 1996, and 1998 World <br />Cup Slalom Events, the 1999 World Slalom Championships, and numerous local and regional <br />boating events. <br /> <br />15 <br />