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<br /> <br />Contents <br /> <br />Page <br /> <br />Chapter 2-The West Today and Tomorrow (continued) <br />The Changing Political, Fiscal and Legal Landscape (continued) <br />Competing Legislative Mandates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-38 <br />A Shrinking Pie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-38 <br />The Rise of Nongovernmental Organization Litigation and Participation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-38 <br />The Role of State Water Rightholders ........................................... 2-39 <br /> <br />Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-39 <br /> <br />Chapter 3-The Key Challenges Facing Western Water Managers.. . . .. . . . . ... . . .. .. ... . . . ...3-1 <br />Sustainable Water Management: The Overall Challenge for the Future . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 <br />Establishing a New Baseline ..,................................................ 3-2 <br />Building Partnerships for Basin and Watershed Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . 3-3 <br />More Players, Less Federal Influence ............................................ 3-3 <br />The Sustainable Use of Existing Supplies ............................................ 3-6 <br />Overallocation of Surface Water ................................................ 3-6 <br />Groundwater Overdraft. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6 <br />Increasing Supplies and Yield .................................................. 3-8 <br />New Forms of Supply Augmentation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8 <br />Water Storage and Conveyance .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9 <br />Storage and Conjunctive Use of Groundwater. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10 <br />New Engineering Options: Desalinization and Weather Modification .............. 3-11 <br />Water Importation ....................................................... 3-12 <br />Using Supplies More Efficiently ............................................... 3-12 <br />Reclamation and Reuse ................................................... 3-12 <br /> <br />Conservation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13 <br />More Accurate Reflection of the Value of Water ...............................3-14 <br /> <br />Subsidies.... ... .. ... . ... .. . .. ... .. . .. . . .. .... ... . . . . .. . . ... . .. ... ... ...3-15 <br />Confronting the Issues of Pricing .. ... ... ... . .. . . .. ... . .. . .. . . ... . .. ... ... ...3-17 <br /> <br />Water Marketing ........................................................ 3-22 <br />Managing Shortages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-24 <br />Modifying Operation of Federal Water Projects ................................... 3-25 <br />Decision-Relevant Science. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-26 <br /> <br />Hydropower ............................................................ 3-28 <br />Power Marketing Administrations (PMAs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-32 <br />Privatization of Federal Water Facilities ......................................... 3-35 <br />Improving the Mechanisms of Governance ......................................,... 3-36 <br />The Changing Federal-State Relationship ........................................ 3-38 <br />Agency Jurisdiction ...................................................... 3-39 <br />Collaborative Decisionmaking to Help Break the Gridlock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-40 <br />Navigating the Road Ahead ................................................... 3-44 <br />Meeting Obligations to Indian Nations and Tribes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-45 <br />Water Rights Settlements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-46 <br />Water Marketing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-46 <br />Tribal Self-Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-47 <br />Indian Irrigation Projects ..................................................... 3-47 <br /> <br />xxxvi <br />