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<br />1 <br /> <br />3.3 <br /> <br />Unaccounted Water Use <br /> <br />Unaccounted water includes all water used within the District that is not metered. It <br />includes water for line flushing, fire protection, hydrant flow tests, sewer cleaning, <br />storage tank overflow, construction water, leaks and inaccurate water meters. Usually <br />the majority of unaccounted water is attributable to underground leaks and <br />inaccurate water meters. <br /> <br />1 <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />Until recently, unaccounted water of 15% or less was considered acceptable. The <br />American Water Works Association recommends that because of increasing demand <br />and higher operational costs, the goal for lost or nonrevenue producing water should <br />be less than 10%. In recent years, many technological advances aimed at reducing <br />water loss have been developed. These include leak detection and pinpointing <br />instruments, more accurate metering devices and instrumentation to test meter <br />accuracy. <br /> <br />] <br />II <br />"-J <br />, <br /> <br /> <br />] <br />] <br />}J <br />] <br /> <br />ELCO routinely removes water meters and tests them for accuracy. Meters serving <br />the largest customers are tested every three to five years. Residential meters are <br />tested less frequently; Most random meter tests show an aceuracyof 98% or better. <br /> <br />-1. ,}. <br /> <br />Underground leaks are repaired when they surface. Leaks often go undetected for <br />some time. Much of area served by ELCO has high ground water and soil containing <br />, significant amounts of sand and gravel. Water leaks in those areas are difficult to <br />locate.' With pressure in most ELCO water lines exceeding 100 p.s.i., small leaks can <br />result in the loss of significant amounts of water. Tbe District does not currently <br />have a systematic leak detection program. ' <br /> <br />Tbe graph below shows the percentage of unaccounted water use since 1992. <br /> <br />_ J- - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ P.ERCENTAGE.OF_UNACCOUN.T.ED_WATER USE_ <br /> <br />J ~ <br />" 25% <br />~ <br /> 'C_ 20% <br /> " <br /> C <br />] = <br />0 15% <br />" <br />" <br />.. <br />c <br /> :l 10% <br /> - <br />J 0 <br />" <br />Cl 5% <br />.. <br />C <br /> " <br /> " 0% <br /> :;; <br />J Q. S1 <br />3 <br />'j <br />:: <br /> <br /> <br />~ <br /> <br />~ <br /> <br />~ <br /> <br />~ <br /> <br />7 <br />